Predictive factors for the presence of invasive components in patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ based on preoperative biopsy

Table 3 Clinico-pathological predictors of invasive component in patients with preoperative needle biopsy-based diagnosis of DCIS

Variable	Risk for invasive component
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p
Age (> 50)	0.75 (0.36–1.59)	0.458	0.82 (0.38–1.79)	0.623
US tumor size (> 2 cm)	1.31 (0.61–2.82)	0.489	1.40 (0.60–3.26)	0.441
US finding (mass)	1.52 (0.19–12.10)	0.693
Mammographic finding (microcalcification)	0.73 (0.34–1.56)	0.416	0.83 (0.36–1.91)	0.666
Multifocality (present)	0.95 (0.39–2.31)	0.906
Nuclear grade (high)	2.39 (1.05–5.42)	0.038	2.86 (1.14–7.14)	0.025
Estrogen receptor (positive)	0.66 (0.30–1.45)	0.305
Progesterone receptor (positive)	0.66 (0.31–1.38)	0.266
HER-2(overexpression)	1.05 (0.49–2.22)	0.904
Ki-67 (> 14%)	1.32 (0.48–3.62)	0.589
Type of operation (Mastectomy)	2.25 (1.00–5.05)	0.050	2.27 (0.94–5.50)	0.069

Abbreviations DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ, US Ultrasonography, HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

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