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Table 6 Univariable analysis of breast cancer-specific survival

From: Influence of pre-operative oral carbohydrate loading vs. standard fasting on tumor proliferation and clinical outcome in breast cancer patients ─ a randomized trial

Variable

Whole study cohort (n = 61)

ER-positive patients (n = 50)

Event/at risk (% survival)

Log rank P

HRa

95% CI

Event/at risk (% survival)

Log rank P

HRa

95% CI

Pre-operative randomization

 Fasting

1/35 (97)

 

1

 

0/29 (100)

 

1

 

 Carbohydrates

4/26 (85)

0.086

4.4

0.88 to 21.7

4/21 (81)

0.015

a

a

Nodal status

 N0

1/43 (98)

   

1/33 (82)

 

1

 

 N+

4/18 (78)

0.012

4.4

1.05 to 18.5

3/17 (82)

0.080

2.80

0.63 to 12.6

Tumor size

  

    

 T1

0/45 (100)

 

1

 

0/40 (100)

 

1

 

 T2

5/16 (69)

< 0.0001

5.5

1.32 to 23.1

4/10 (60)

< 0.0001

a

a

Nottingham grade b

 

0.556

   

0.352

  

 Grade 1

0/11 (100)

 

1

 

0/11 (100)

 

1

 

 Grade 2

3/30 (90)

 

a

a

3/30 (90)

 

a

a

 Grade 3

2/20 (90)

 

a

a

1/9 (89)

 

a

a

Estrogen receptor

    

 Positive (≥ 1%)

4/50 (92)

 

1

 

 Negative (< 1%)

1/11 (91)

0.852

0.64

0.079 to 5.21

Progesterone receptor

 Positive (≥10%)

4/41 (90)

 

1

 

3/37 (92)

 

1

 

 Negative (< 10%)

1/20 (95)

0.543

0.51

0.057 to 4.59

1/13 (92)

0.94

0.93

0.1 to 8.9

HER2

 Negative (0 to 1+)

4/57 (93)

 

1

 

3/49 (94)

 

1

 

 Positive (2+ to 3+)

1/4 (75)

0.248

3.37

0.38 to 30.2

1/1 (0)

0.001

11.7

1.31 to 105.1

MAI

 < 10

3/41 (93)

 

1

 

3/39 (92)

 

1

 

 ≥ 10

2/19 (90)

0.645

1.5

0.25 to 9.1

2/10 (80)

0.23

4.1

0.6 to 29.3

MAI

 < 3

1/16 (94)

 

1

 

1/16 (88)

 

1

 

 ≥ 3

4/44 (91)

0.735

1.46

0.16 to 13.0

3/33 (85)

0.76

1.4

0.15 to 13.8

PPH3

 < 13

2/35 (94)

 

1

 

2/35 (94)

 

1

 

 > 13

3/26 (89)

0.426

2.0

0.34 to 12.2

2/15 (87)

0.40

2.3

0.32 to 16.1

Ki67

 < 15

0/26 (100)

 

1

 

0/25 (100)

 

1

 

 ≥ 15

5/34 (82)

0.040

4/24 (83)

0.014

a

a

Ki67

 < 30

1/38 (97)

 

1

 

1/37 (95)

 

1

 

 ≥ 30

4/22 (82)

0.033

7.5

0.84 to 67.5

3/12 (75)

0.023

9.9

1.03 to 95.3

TILs

 Negative

4/55 (93)

 

1

 

3/45 (93)

 

1

 

 Positive

1/6 (83)

0.479

2.16

0.24 to 19.4

1/4 (75)

0.24

3.6

0.37 to 34.6

Luminal statusc

 Luminal A

3/39 (92)

 

1

 

2/28 (93)

 

1

 

 Luminal B

2/22 (91)

0.847

1.2

0.20 to 7.41

2/22 (91)

0.777

1.33

0.19 to 9.42

Chemo therapy

 Yes

5/39 (87)

 

1

 

3/20 (85)

 

1

 

 No

0/22 (100)

0.089

0.22

0.024 to 1.95

1/30 (97)

0.15

0.22

0.023 to 2.10

Radiation therapy

 Yes

3/43 (93)

 

1

 

2/38 (95)

 

1

 

 No

2/17 (88)

0.499

1.84

0.33 to 11.0

2/12 (83)

0.19

3.9

0.48 to 24.1

Endocrine therapy

 Yes

5/39 (87)

 

1

 

4/36 (89)

 

1

 

 No

0/22 (100)

0.089

0.024

0 to 46.4

0/14 (100)

0.20

0.03

0 to 262

BMI-25d

 < 25

1/31 (97)

 

1

 

1/26 (96)

 

1

 

 ≥ 25

3/23 (87)

0.177

4.19

0.44 to 40.3

2/20 (90)

0.398

2.70

0.25 to 29.8

BMI-75pe

 < 75p

2/41 (95)

 

1

 

2/36 (94)

 

1

 

 ≥ 75p

2/13 (85)

0.218

3.20

0.45 to 22.8

1/10 (90)

0.622

1.81

0.16 to 20.0

Smoking

 -Never smoked

3/15 (80)

 

1

 

2/12 (83)

 

1

 

 -Former smoker

0/23 (100)

 

0.003

Inf.

0/20 (100)

 

0.003

Inf.

 -Ongoing smoking

0/14 (100)

0.020

0.003

Inf

0/12 (100)

0.052

0.003

Inf.

  1. BMI Body mass index, HRT Hormonal replacement therapy, T Pathological tumor size in mm or category, LN Lymph node, N0 Node negative, N+ Node positive (assessed by pathologists), HER-2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, MAI Mitotic activity index, TILs Tumor infiltrating leucocytes, PPH3 Phosphorylated phospho-histone 3
  2. aHR (95% CI) was not computed, as the equation did not converge and no events occurred in one or more categories
  3. bHistological grading was performed according to the Nottingham algorithm
  4. cLuminal A = ER+/HER2−/Ki67 < 15% and Luminal B = ER+/HER2−/Ki67 ≥ 15%
  5. dBMI-25 represents a dichotomized BMI < 25 or ≥ 25 on the BMI scale
  6. eBMI-75p represents a dichotomized BMI with cut off < /≥ 75 percentile, i.e., </≥ 26.8 on the BMI scale