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Table 2 Association between furosemide use after diagnosis and esophageal or gastric cancer mortality

From: Furosemide use and survival in patients with esophageal or gastric cancer: a population-based cohort study

 

All patients

Restricted to any diagnosis of hypertension/edema/MI/HFa

 

Patients

Deaths

Person years

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjustedb HR (95%CI)

P-value (trend)

Patients

Deaths

Person years

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjustedb HR (95%CI)

P-value (trend)

Esophageal

 Non-user

2365

1625

4336

1.00 (ref. cat.)

1.00 (ref. cat.)

 

1097

763

1747

1.00 (ref. cat.)

1.00 (ref. cat.)

 

 User

343

219

471

1.47 (1.27, 1.69)

1.28 (1.10, 1.50)

0.002

233

148

285

1.29 (1.08, 1.55)

1.07 (0.88, 1.30)

0.502

 1–12 prescriptions

270

184

361

1.40 (1.20, 1.63)

1.23 (1.04, 1.45)

(< 0.001)

182

122

227

1.23 (1.02, 1.50)

1.03 (0.83, 1.26)

(0.267)

 ≥ 12 prescriptions

73

35

110

2.02 (1.44, 2.84)

1.74 (1.22, 2.49)

 

51

26

59

1.69 (1.13, 2.52)

1.41 (0.92, 2.16)

 

 1–365 DDDs

266

180

347

1.42 (1.21, 1.65)

1.25 (1.06, 1.47)

(0.001)

175

117

214

1.24 (1.02, 1.51)

1.03 (0.84, 1.28)

(0.326)

 ≥ 365 DDDs

77

39

124

1.76 (1.28, 2.43)

1.52 (1.08, 2.13)

 

58

31

71

1.53 (1.06, 2.21)

1.27 (0.86, 1.88)

 

Gastric

 Non-user

2005

1268

4558

1.00 (ref. cat.)

1.00 (ref. cat.)

 

906

541

1978

1.00 (ref. cat.)

1.00 (ref. cat.)

 

 User

372

199

612

1.38 (1.19, 1.60)

1.27 (1.08, 1.50)

0.004

264

138

440

1.36 (1.13, 1.64)

1.18 (0.96, 1.46)

0.125

 1–12 prescriptions

263

161

382

1.38 (1.17, 1.63)

1.26 (1.06, 1.50)

(0.005)

181

108

274

1.31 (1.07, 1.62)

1.14 (0.91, 1.43)

(0.079)

 ≥ 12 prescriptions

109

38

230

1.37 (0.99, 1.91)

1.35 (0.96, 1.91)

 

83

30

166

1.56 (1.07, 2.29)

1.38 (0.92, 2.07)

 

 1–365 DDDs

259

155

364

1.39 (1.18, 1.65)

1.26 (1.06, 1.51)

(0.006)

175

102

251

1.32 (1.07, 1.63)

1.14 (0.90, 1.43)

(0.080)

 ≥ 365 DDDs

113

44

248

1.34 (0.99, 1.82)

1.32 (0.96, 1.83)

 

89

36

189

1.49 (1.05, 2.10)

1.34 (0.93, 1.96)

 
  1. aRestricted to patients with any diagnosis of hypertension, edema, myocardial infarction or heart failure at any time prior to esophageal or gastric cancer diagnosis.
  2. bAdjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, year of diagnosis, deprivation, radiotherapy within 6 months, chemotherapy within 6 months, surgery within 6 months, comorbidities (prior to cancer diagnosis, including cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, congestive heart disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction, peptic ulcer disease, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, rheumatological disease, liver disease), and other medication use (statins, aspirin, time-varying after diagnosis)