Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors to predict treatment response in high risk neuroblastoma patients receiving topotecan and cyclophosphamide containing induction regimen: a prospective multicenter study

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	Patients (n = 107)	Numbers (%)
Age (years)	Mean ± SD	6.0 ± 3.1
Age (years)	Median (range)	5.3 (1.3–17.4)
Gender	Male	62 (57.9)
Gender	Female	45 (42.1)
Region	Central	45 (42.1)
	Northeast	41 (38.3)
	South	21 (19.6)
Health care system	University-based	81 (75.7)
Health care system	Community-based	26 (24.3)
Primary tumor site	Adrenal	88 (82.2)
	Abdominal	4 (3.7)
	Thoracic	7 (6.5)
	Others	8 (7.5)
Metastatic site at diagnosis	Bone marrow	69 (64.5)
	Bone	66 (61.7)
	Lymph node	41 (38.3)
	Liver	14 (13.1)
	Brain	3 (2.8)
	Others	7 (6.5)
Serum NSE (n = 82)	Mean ± SD	455.4 ± 412.9
Serum NSE (n = 82)	Median (range)	370.0 (0–2180.0)
Urine VMA (n = 86)	Mean ± SD	38.2 ± 70.1
Urine VMA (n = 86)	Median (range)	18.9 (0–494.0)
INRG Stage	Stage M	106 (99.0)
INRG Stage	Stage L2 (with MYCN amplification)	1 (1.0)

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD and median (range) for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables
Abbreviations: NSE serum neuron-specific enolase (ng/mL); VMA urine vanillylmandelic acid (mg/day); Stage M distant metastatic disease (except stage MS); Stage L2 locoregional tumor with presence of one or more image-defined risk factors

ISSN: 1471-2407