Comparative effectiveness of primary tumor resection in patients with stage III pancreatic adenocarcinoma

BMC Cancer

Table 3 Instrumental variable analysis of the impact of PTR on survival for patients with stage III locally advanced PDA in 2SRI IV model

	OS (n = 4322)			DSS (n = 4055)
	HR	95% CI	P-value	HR	95% CI	P-value
PTR vs. none	0.741	0.342, 1.607	0.448	0.862	0.384–1.935	0.719
Age, years	1.013	1.010–1.017	< 0.001	1.015	1.011–1.018	< 0.001
Sex, male vs. female	1.112	1.043–1.187	0.001	1.104	1.032–1.180	0.004
Race
Black vs. White	1.080	0.974–1.197	0.146	1.085	0.974–1.209	0.137
Other vs. White	0.978	0.872–1.097	0.700	0.990	0.878–1.116	0.871
Primary tumor site in pancreas
Body vs. head	0.955	0.874–1.045	0.317	0.954	0.870–1.046	0.314
Tail vs. head	1.051	0.886–1.246	0.570	0.994	0.829–1.191	0.948
Tumor size, cm	1.003	1.001–1.005	< 0.001	1.004	1.002–1.007	< 0.001
Tumor differentiation
II vs. I	1.157	0.981–1.366	0.084	1.196	1.005–1.424	0.044
III vs. I	1.575	1.334–1.860	< 0.001	1.628	1.368–1.938	< 0.001
IV vs. I	1.806	1.181–2.762	0.006	1.811	1.171–2.799	0.008
Year of diagnosis, 2010–2014 vs. 2004–2009	0.987	0.981–0.994	< 0.001	0.984	0.977–0.990	< 0.001

OS, overall survival; DSS, disease-specific survival; HR, hazard ratios; CI, confidence interval. Tumor differentiation: I, well-differentiated; II, moderate- differentiated; III, poor-differentiated; IV, un-differentiated

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