Smoking status and subsequent gastric cancer risk in men compared with women: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

Table 4 Subgroup analysis for sex difference of gastric cancer (former smoker versus never smoker)

Group	RRR and 95% CI	P value	Heterogeneity (%)	P value for heterogeneity	P value for interaction test
Publication year
2000 or after	1.17 (0.85–1.59)	0.332	60.0	0.029	0.731
Before 2000	1.28 (0.65–2.51)	0.471	0.0	0.534	0.731
Country
Asia	1.35 (1.05–1.74)	0.019	0.0	0.606	0.528
Europe or US	1.10 (0.73–1.66)	0.648	59.7	0.029	0.528
Follow-up duration (years)
10 or greater	1.17 (0.89–1.55)	0.252	0.0	0.638	0.417
< 10	1.35 (1.02–1.80)	0.038	27.3	0.240	0.417
Outcomes
GC incidence	1.03 (0.51–2.07)	0.936	73.9	0.009	0.436
GC mortality	1.25 (1.03–1.51)	0.022	0.0	0.726	0.436
Adjusted BMI or not
Yes	0.86 (0.38–1.93)	0.714	74.2	0.009	0.171
No	1.26 (1.04–1.53)	0.019	0.0	0.630	0.171
Adjusted alcohol consumption
Yes	0.92 (0.45–1.89)	0.828	73.9	0.009	0.213
No	1.26 (1.04–1.53)	0.020	0.0	0.592	0.213
NOS score
7 or 8	1.32 (1.09–1.59)	0.004	12.1	0.337	0.001
< 7	0.34 (0.12–0.93)	0.036	0.0	0.680	0.001

ISSN: 1471-2407