Table 1 Summary of patient characteristics
From: Brain metastases in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms: risk factors and outcome
Characteristics | Number of all patients (%) | All NET patients (%) | All NEC patients (%) | Long-term survivors (%) | Metachrone BM (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 51 | 17 (33) | 31 (61) | 6 (11.7) | 20 (39) |
Mean age at first diagnosis (years)(range) | 56 (27–86) | 55 (27–78) | 55 (27–86) | 54 (35–66) | 51 (30–69) |
Mean age at diagnosis of brain metastases (years)(range) | 58 (27–86) | 56 (27–58) | 56 (27–86) | 58 (45–74) | 55 (32–73) |
Primary tumor localization | |||||
lung | 23 (45.1) | 6 (35.3) | 17 (54.8) | 4 (67) | 4 (20) |
CUP | 11 (21.6) | 4 (23.5) | 5 (9.8) | 3 (15) | |
pancreas | 9 (17.6) | 4 (23.5) | 4 (12.9) | 1 (16.5) | 9 (45) |
gastrointestinal tract | 6 (11.8) | 2 (11.8) | 4 (12.9) | 2 (10) | |
cervix/ovary | 2 (3.9) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (16.5) | 2 (10) |
Gender | |||||
male | 25 (49.0) | 5 (29.4) | 18 (58.1) | 0 | 6 (30) |
female | 26 (51.0) | 12 (70.6) | 13 (41.9) | 6 (100) | 14 (70) |
Histology WHO 2010 | |||||
well/moderate | |||||
differentiated | 17 (33.3) | 17 (100) | 0 | 5 (83.5) | 7 (35) |
poorly differentiated | 31 (60.8) | 31 (100) | 1 (16.5) | 11 (55) | |
unknown | 3 (5.9) | 2 (10) | |||
Ki-67 index | |||||
G1 (≤2%) | 3 (5.9) | 3 (17.6) | 0 | 0 | 3 (15) |
G2 (3–20%) | 14 (27.5) | 14 (82.4) | 0 | 4 (67) | 4 (20) |
G3 (> 20%) | 31 (60.8) | 31 (100) | 1 (16.5) | 11 (55) | |
< 55% | 16 (31.4) | 13 (41.9) | 1 (16.5) | 6 (30) | |
> 55% | 26 (51.0) | 16 (51.6) | 0 | 5 (25) | |
unknown | 9 (17.6) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (16.5) | 3 (15) | |
Functionality | |||||
non-functioning | 48 (94.1) | 15 (89.2) | 30 (96.8) | 4 (67) | 18 (90) |
gastrinoma | 2 (3.9) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (16.5) | 2 (10) |
ectopic ACTH syndrome | 1 (1.9) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (16.5) | ||
Sites of other metastases | |||||
Liver | 31 (60.8) | 13 (76.5) | 17 (54.8) | 3 (50) | 12 (60) |
lymph nodes | 28 (54.9) | 8 (47.1) | 20 (64.5) | 4 (67) | 12 (60) |
bone | 23 (45.1) | 10 (29.4) | 12 (38.7) | 1 (16.5) | 9 (45) |
lung | 14 (27.5) | 5 (14.7) | 9 (29.0) | 2 (33) | 4 (20) |
adrenal | 5 (9.8) | 5 (16.1) | 0 | 1 (5) | |
none | 2 (3.9) | 2 (6.5) | 0 | 0 | |
other | 18 (35.3) | 6 (35.3) | 12 (38.7) | 4 (67) | 6 (30) |
Number of brain metastases | |||||
1–2 | 22 (43.1) | 9 (52.9) | 13 (41.9) | 1 (16.5) | 9 (45) |
≥ 3 | 21 (41.2) | 5 (29.4) | 14 (45.2) | 5 (83.5) | 8 (40) |
unknown | 8 (15.7) | 3 (17.7) | 2 (6.5) | 3 (15) | |
Therapy of brain metastases | |||||
radiation | 31 (60.8) | 8 (47.1) | 21 (60.8) | 4 (67) | 10 (50) |
none | 19 (37.3) | 9 (52.9) | 9 (29.0) | 2 (33) | 7 (35) |
resection | 7 (13.7) | 1 (5.9) | 6 (19.4) | 1 (16.5) | 4 (20) |
temozolomide-based CTx | 7 (13.7) | 4 (23.5) | 2 (6.5) | 2 (33) | 4 (20) |