Fig. 3

Cariporide enhances doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in MCF-7/ADR cells. (a) Cells were either untreated (control) or pretreated with 6 or 9 μg/ml cariporide (CP) alone for 48 h, then each group was incubated with doxorubicin (10 μg/ml) for 2 h. Subsequently, and the fluorescence intensity of doxorubicin was detected by flow cytometry. Bar graph and error bars represent the means and standard deviation (SD), respectively. *P < 0.05. The analysis was performed in triplicate in two independent experiments. (b) Cells were harvested after treatment with 6 μg/ml cariporide (CP) and 10 μg/ml doxorubicin (Adr) alone or together for 48 h and then were stained using the AnnexinV/7-AAD kit and analyzed by flow cytometry. Early apoptotic cells lie in the lower right quadrant. (c) Cells were either untreated or treated with 6 μg/ml cariporide (CP) alone or with doxorubicin (Adr, 10 μg/ml) for 48 h, then they were harvested and fixed in 70% ethanol at 4 °C overnight. Subsequently, the percentage of each phase of the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry