Fig. 1

Schematic structure of the ATM gene and protein. a ATM cDNA diagram and primer positions. b ATM exon diagram and primer position. The red arrows indicate exons. The yellow arrows indicate size of cDNA sequence. The green arrows indicate primer position. Both (a) and (b) diagrams were created using CLC Genomics Workbench (CA, USA). c Schematic diagram of the regions of the ATM protein kinase. The FAT domain is autophosphorylated, PI3K is the kinase domain and FATC domain interacts with Tip60 protein to activate ATM