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Table 3 Multiple regression analysis of the association between nutrition labeling awareness and outcome variables in cancer survivors and general population

From: Association between awareness of nutrition labeling and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in cancer survivors and the general population: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2016

Variables

Cancer Survivor

General Population

RR

95% CI

P-value

RR

95% CI

P-value

Awareness on nutrition labelling

        

 Checks nutrition facts and makes labeling-dependent purchase decisions

1.0117

1.0001

1.0233

0.0479

1.0009

0.9992

1.0027

0.3042

 Checks nutrition facts but does not make labeling-dependent purchase decisions/ Aware of nutrition facts but does not check them when making food purchase decisions

1.0121

1.0036

1.0205

0.0050

1.0015

1.0001

1.0028

0.0349

Unaware of nutrition facts

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

Sex

        

 Male

1.0034

0.9951

1.0118

0.4217

0.9964

0.9950

0.9978

<.0001

 Female

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

Age (years)

        

 30–39

1.0142

0.9965

1.0321

0.1164

1.0032

1.0013

1.0051

0.0010

 40–49

1.0006

0.9894

1.0119

0.9190

1.0036

1.0018

1.0054

<.0001

 50–59

1.0010

0.9915

1.0106

0.8353

1.0026

1.0009

1.0042

0.0031

 60+

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

Educational level

        

 Under high school graduation

1.0014

0.9841

1.0191

0.8719

1.0005

0.9980

1.0029

0.7201

 Bachelor’s degree

1.0041

0.9866

1.0220

0.6466

1.0014

0.9990

1.0038

0.2565

 Master’s degree or above

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

Household income

        

 Low

1.0102

0.9994

1.0209

0.0632

0.9991

0.9972

1.0009

0.3281

 Mid-low

1.0110

1.0007

1.0212

0.0357

1.0010

0.9996

1.0025

0.1497

 Mid-high

1.0032

0.9932

1.0132

0.5350

1.0012

0.9999

1.0025

0.0799

 High

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

BMI

        

  < 23

1.0000

0.9918

1.0082

0.9994

1.0019

1.0007

1.0032

0.0028

 23–25

0.9907

0.9813

1.0002

0.0561

1.0022

1.0008

1.0036

0.0016

  > 25

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

Aerobic exercise habits

        

 Yes

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

 No

0.9955

0.9878

1.0032

0.2527

1.0002

0.9991

1.0014

0.6806

Smoking status

        

 Non-smoker

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

 Smoker

1.0005

0.9889

1.0122

0.9365

0.9956

0.9942

0.9970

<.0001

High-risk drinking

        

 No

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

 Yes

1.0129

0.9965

1.0295

0.1229

1.0046

1.0029

1.0064

<.0001

Family history for hyperlipidemia

        

 No

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

 Yes

1.0042

0.9858

1.0230

0.6550

0.9977

0.9954

1.0001

0.0560

Survey year

0.9979

0.9962

0.9996

0.0162

0.9994

0.9991

0.9996

<.0001

Stress awareness

        

 Low

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

 High

1.0076

0.9995

1.0159

0.0675

0.9997

0.9985

1.0009

0.6400

Subjective health status

        

 Good

0.9987

0.9890

1.0085

0.7942

1.0001

0.9985

1.0018

0.8834

 Normal

1.0010

0.9930

1.0089

0.8100

0.9997

0.9982

1.0012

0.7123

 Bad

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

The frequency of eating out

        

 More than five times a week

1.0000

–

–

–

1.0000

–

–

–

 Less than four times a week

1.0020

0.9927

1.0115

0.6676

1.0017

1.0005

1.0028

0.0069

Average amount of total energy intake (per 100 Kcal)

1.0001

0.9984

1.0017

0.9452

1.0005

1.0003

1.0006

<.0001

Average amount of daily carbohydrate intake (per 10 g)

0.9998

0.9990

1.0006

0.5958

0.9998

0.9997

0.9999

<.0001

Average amount of daily fat intake (per 10 g)

0.9991

0.9964

1.0018

0.4915

0.9995

0.9992

0.9998

0.0009

Total cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL)

1.2092

1.2057

1.2128

<.0001

1.2096

1.2090

1.2102

<.0001

Triglyceride (per 10 mg/dL)

0.9618

0.9613

0.9624

<.0001

0.9620

0.9619

0.9621

<.0001

LDL cholesterol(mg/dL)

0.9815

0.9812

0.9818

<.0001

0.9813

0.9812

0.9814

<.0001

  1. BMI body mass index, LDL low-density lipoprotein
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