Fig. 2

The distribution of somatic mutations between primary tumors and lymph node metastatic tissues. a Biological processes frequently mutated in primary tumors and lymph node metastatic tissues. The functional terms significantly overrepresented are presented as -log₁₀ (P-value). Red means lymph node metastatic tissue; blue means primary tumor tissue. b Paired variant allele frequency of mutations in primary tumors and lymph node metastatic tissues. Gray point: mutations with VAF ≥ 5% in primary and lymph node metastatic tissues; Blue point: mutations with VAF ≥ 10% in primary tumors; Red point: common mutations with VAF ≥ 10% between primary and metastatic tissues; P1-P5: Patient ID; VAF:Variant allele frequency. TP53 is identified as a common driver genes, since they occur in multiple patients as both somatic and germline mutations. They are further proposed to be novel drug targets for cancer therapies, with further target validation required