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Table 3 Associations between cancer survivorship covariates, and time to statin cessation among statin initiators

From: Statin use in cancer survivors versus the general population: cohort study using primary care data from the UK clinical practice research datalink

 

Statin initiators

Number of eventsa

Person-Years of Follow-Up (hundreds)

Crude Rate (per 100 Person-Years)

Unadjusted HRb

p-value

Adjusted HRc

p-value

n

%

Cancer status (binary)

 Non-cancer

354,961

96.8

183,844

92.5

19.8

1

0.502

1

0.02

 Cancer survivor

11,810

3.2

5962

2.8

20.7

1.02 (0.96–1.09)

1.07 (1.01–1.12)

Sex

 Males

193,646

52.8

98,246

50.6

19.4

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

 Females

173,125

47.2

91,560

44.7

20.5

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

Age (yrs)

 40–49

44,088

12.0

26,453

9.8

27.1

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

 50–59

95,539

26.1

51,099

24.5

20.8

0.81 (0.80–0.82)

0.80 (0.79–0.82)

 60–69

126,570

34.5

60,763

34.9

17.4

0.69 (0.68–0.70)

0.66 (0.65–0.67)

 70–79

75,425

20.6

37,647

20.5

18.4

0.73 (0.71–0.75)

0.68 (0.67–0.70)

 80+

25,149

6.9

13,844

5.7

24.2

0.89 (0.85–0.93)

1.14 (1.05–1.24)

BMI (kg/m2)

  < 18.5

3035

0.8

1773

0.6

28.9

1.25 (1.20–1.30)

< 0.001

1.18 (1.14–1.23)

< 0.001

 18.5–25

90,123

24.6

48,251

22.6

21.3

1

1

  ≥ 25

273,613

74.6

139,782

72.1

19.4

0.92 (0.91–0.93)

0.94 (0.93–0.95)

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

 Normal (< 5)

59,402

16.2

29,003

15.8

18.4

1

< 0.001

  

 Mod-High (5–8)

279,538

76.2

146,489

72.4

20.2

1.10 (1.09–1.11)

  

 High (> 8)

24,778

6.8

12,533

6.8

18.5

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

  

 Missing

3053

0.8

       

Smoking status

 Never smoker

117,658

32.1

61,055

31.1

19.6

1

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

 Ex-smoker

169,393

46.2

84,172

45.3

18.6

0.94 (0.93–0.96)

0.98 (0.96–0.99)

 Current smoker

79,720

21.7

44,579

19.0

23.5

1.16 (1.14–1.17)

1.13 (1.12–1.15)

Alcohol status

 Non-drinker

76,637

20.9

40,349

20.0

20.2

1

< 0.001

  

 Ex-drinker

13,239

3.6

6783

3.6

18.9

0.95 (0.92–0.97)

  

 Current drinker

        

  light

143,351

39.1

72,291

39.2

18.4

0.93 (0.90–0.95)

  

  moderate

16,097

4.4

8198

4.3

18.9

0.95 (0.91–0.99)

  

  heavy

19,720

5.4

10,777

4.7

22.8

1.09 (1.07–1.12)

  

  amount unknown

10,869

3.0

5772

2.8

20.3

1.01 (0.96–1.05)

  

 Missing

86,858

23.7

       

Medical history

 Diabetes

70,990

19.4

34,520

19.9

17.3

0.87 (0.85–0.88)

< 0.001

0.83 (0.82–0.84)

< 0.001

 Chronic kidney disease

25,278

6.9

12,243

5.7

21.4

1.01 (0.98–1.05)

< 0.001

  

 Chronic liver disease

6440

1.8

3395

1.4

23.5

1.12 (1.08–1.16)

< 0.001

  

IMD quintile

 1 (least deprived)

40,769

11.1

21,052

11.7

18.0

1

< 0.001

  

  2

43,256

11.8

22,097

11.9

18.6

1.01 (0.97–1.06)

  

  3

48,504

13.2

24,908

13.1

19.1

1.03 (0.98–1.09)

  

  4

187,806

51.2

98,030

46.1

21.3

1.11 (1.06–1.17)

  

 5 (most deprived)

46,436

12.7

23,719

12.6

18.8

1.03 (0.97–1.09)

  

Calendar year

 2005–07

155,758

42.5

86,412

56.6

15.3

1

< 0.001

  

 2008–10

124,788

34.0

67,538

30.1

22.5

1.27 (1.26–1.29)

  

 2011–13

86,225

23.5

35,856

8.7

41.3

1.52 (1.50–1.55)

  
  1. aEvents = first cessation of statin therapy defined as a no further prescriptions 90 days after the expected end date of the last prescription
  2. bCox model with time since study entry (i.e. statin initiation) as the timescale
  3. cAdjusted for a priori confounders [age (time-updated), gender, body mass index, smoking status and diabetes (time-updated)]. No other covariates changed the association between cancer survivorship and statin cessation by more than 10%.
  4. All regression models are restricted to patients with complete data for a-priori confounders
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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