BMC Cancer

Table 2 Age-adjusted liver cancer mortality rates joinpoint trends by population group, sex and age group in South Africa; 1999–2015

From: Liver cancer mortality trends in South Africa: 1999–2015

Direction	Sex	Population Group	Age, Years	Trend 1		Trend 2
Direction	Sex	Population Group	Age, Years	Period	APC (95% CI)	Period	APC (95% CI)
1. Significant Decrease
	Men
		Black	20–29	1999–2015	− 2.3* (− 4.2, − 0.4)
		Black	40–49	1999–2015	− 1.1* (− 2.2, 0)
	Women
		White	60–69	1999–2015	−2.6* (− 4.9, − 0.3)
		White	70+	1999–2015	−3.5* (− 4.9, − 2.1)
2. Non-significant Decrease
	Men	Black	70+	1999–2015	−1.3 (− 2.5, 0)
		White	70+	1999–2015	−0.7 (− 2.2, 0.9)
	Women
		Black	20–29	1999–2015	−1.5 (−4.2, 1.4)
		Black	40–49	1999–2015	−0.9 (− 2, 0.1)
		White	50–59	1999–2015	−0.9 (−3.8, 2.1)
3. Stable
	Men
		Black	30–39	1999–2015	−0.2 (−1.5, 1.1)
		White	40–49	1999–2015	−0.5 (−4.5, 3.6)
		White	50–59	1999–2015	−0.1 (−2.6, 2.5)
		White	60–69	1999–2015	0.4 (−1.2, 2)
	Women
		Black	30–39	1999–2015	−0.2 (−1.9, 1.6)
		Black	70+	1999–2015	−0.1 (−1.2, 1)
		White	40–49	1999–2015	−0.2 (−8.9, 9.2)
4. Non-significant Increase
	Men
		Black	50–59	1999–2010	−3.7* (−5.3, −2.2)	2010–2015	5.4 (− 0.1, 11.2)
		Black	60–69	1999–2009	−5.2* (−7.3, − 3)	2009–2015	2.5 (− 2.4, 7.6)
5. Significant Increase
	Women
		Black	50–59	1999–2004	−5.2 (− 10.4, 0.4)	2004–2015	2.6* (0.8, 4.4)
		Black	60–69	1999–2009	−4.9* (− 6.9, − 2.8)	2009–2015	6.3* (1.5, 11.3)

*The annual percent change (APC) is statistically significant (p < 0.05)

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