Table 1 Overview of exemplary models for cancer research

In vivo

Murine models

[37]

Genetically engineered mouse model

[36]

Zebra fish model

[42]

Drosophila model

[41]

Chick embryo model

[43, 44]

In vitro

General 2D/3D in vitro models

[46, 53]

Transwell model

[48]

Spheroid system

[49]

Microfluidic system

[50]

Tissue-engineered microvessel model

[51]

In silico

Sequence analysis

[63, 69, 74]

General pathway analysis and network inference

[132, 133, 135]

Pan-cancer

[62, 82, 134, 139]

Chemical perturbation mapping

[64, 66, 68]

Pharmacogenomic mapping

[99, 102, 117, 136]

Genome-phenotype mapping

[81]

Clinical data integration

[106]

Structure mapping

[102, 103]

Structure and activity

[100, 101]

Framework for key events and mode of action

[97, 98]

Image classification

[85, 87]

Growth prediction

[91–93]