Fig. 5

Abrogation of ATG5-dependent autophagy potentiates apoptosis. HeLa-sgGFP and HeLa sgATG cells were subjected to PDT. Cells were collected 24 h after illumination and stained with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Subsequently, early and late apoptotic cells (annexin V-positive and annexin V as well as propidium iodide double positive, respectively) were quantified by flow cytometry. Data represent the mean values of 2 independent experiments ± S.D. (represented by error bars), **p < 0.001 (Student’s t-test). a The bars show mean value of annexin V or propidium iodide positive cells. b cells were treated as in (a) and whole-cell lysates were collected 24 h after PDT, and the levels of PARP and caspase-3 and their activated cleaved forms were analyzed by Western blotting