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Table 3 The association between cigarette smoking and nasopharyngeal EBV DNA positivity, serum VCA/IgA antibody status

From: Lack of association between cigarette smoking and Epstein Barr virus reactivation in the nasopharynx in people with elevated EBV IgA antibody titres

Variable

Nasopharyngeal EBV DNA

VCA/IgA titer

Negative

Positive

ORa (95% CI)

ORb (95% CI)

Negative or 1:5

≥ 1:10

ORa (95% CI)

ORc (95% CI)

Smoking status

 Never smokerd

6

31

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

11

26

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Former smoker

4

36

1.28 (0.49–3.32)

1.34 (0.51–3.54)

12

28

0.96 (0.45–2.06)

0.72 (0.32–1.58)

 Current smoker

31

205

1.74 (0.45–6.74)

1.73 (0.43–6.69)

72

164

0.99 (0.37–2.62)

0.76 (0.27–2.09)

Age at smoking initiation (years)

 < 20

20

107

1.04 (0.38–2.80)

1.06 (0.38–2.95)

41

86

0.89 (0.40–1.97)

0.64 (0.28–1.49)

 ≥20

15

134

1.73 (0.62–4.82)

1.79 (0.63–5.07)

43

106

1.04 (0.47–2.30)

0.79 (0.35–1.81)

Smoking intensity (cigarettes/day)

 ≤10

6

45

1.60 (0.46–5.58)

1.75 (0.50–6.21)

20

31

0.61 (0.24–1.56)

0.54 (0.21–1.39)

 11–30

27

167

1.19 (0.44–3.21)

1.20 (0.44–3.24)

51

143

1.01 (0.45–2.25)

0.92 (0.41–2.08)

 > 30

2

29

2.91(0.53–15.80)

3.08 (0.56–16.85)

13

18

0.51 (0.18–1.43)

0.45 (0.16–1.29)

Smoking duration (years)

 ≤15

3

21

1.36 (0.31–6.03)

2.12(0.42–10.80)

9

15

0.71 (0.24–2.09)

0.80 (0.24–2.68)

 16–30

17

106

1.21 (0.44–3.32)

1.37 (0.49–3.84)

42

81

0.82 (0.37–1.81)

0.71 (0.31–1.64)

 > 30

15

114

1.47 (0.53–4.11)

1.20 (0.36–3.93)

33

96

1.23 (0.55–2.76)

0.71 (0.28–1.79)

Type of cigarettes smoked

 filtered cigarettes

21

153

1.41 (0.53–3.78)

1.55 (0.57–4.23)

48

126

1.11 (0.51–2.42)

2.32 (0.94–5.75)

 non-filtered cigarettes

3

31

2.00 (0.46–8.72)

1.52 (0.33–7.05)

9

25

1.18 (0.42–3.32)

2.30 (0.88–4.39)

 both type

11

57

1.00 (0.38–2.97)

0.97 (0.31–3.01)

27

41

0.64 (0.27–1.51)

1.90 (0.72–4.81)

Cumulative smoking (pack-years)

 < 20

13

82

1.22 (0.43–3.50)

1.03 (0.30–2.58)

35

60

0.73 (0.32–1.65)

0.64 (0.27–1.50)

 20–39

15

121

1.56 (0.56–4.35)

1.44 (0.49–4.27)

35

101

1.22 (0.55–2.73)

0.83 (0.36–1.95)

 ≥40

7

38

1.05 (0.32–3.45)

1.59 (0.59–4.29)

14

31

0.94 (0.36–2.41)

0.68 (0.25–1.86)

  1. aThe OR without adjustment; b OR adjusted for residential area, age, education level, VCA/IgA antibody titers; c OR adjusted for residential area, age, education level, nasopharyngeal EBV DNA load; d Never smokers were the reference group for all comparisons. Abbreviation: EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; VCA/IgA, IgA antibodies against viral capsid antigen; CI, confidence interval
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BMC Cancer

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