Smoking and prostate cancer: a life course analysis

BMC Cancer

Table 5 Smoker status and its association with prostate cancer and aggressiveness taking into account cessation time at interview

Smoking status at interview.	Controls n = 794	Overall PC			Gleason < 7			Gleason = 7			Gleason ≥ 8
Smoking status at interview.	Controls n = 794	Cases n = 394	OR^a	95% CI	N	OR^a	95% CI	n	OR^a	95% CI	n	OR^a	95% CI
Never	261	128	1.0	–	35	1.0	–	47	1.0	–	39	1.0	–
Former	301	209	1.13	0.70–1.83	54	1.30	0.58–2.85	73	1.03	0.51–2.07	72	0.99	0.47–2.08
Current	232	57	0.42	0.20–0.86	12	0.57	0.12–2.80	20	0.33	0.11–0.93	23	0.42	0.34–5.35
Never	261	128	1.0	–	35	1.0	–	47	1.0	–	39	1.0	–
Former^b
> 10 years	259	147	1.40	0.86–2.30	35	2.51	0.62–10.1	54	1.17	0.57–2.38	52	1.21	0.57–2.59
≤ 10 years	42	62	4.44	1.90–10.4	19	1.65	0.73–3.72	19	2.25	0.67–7.54	20	3.42	0.96–12.2
Current	232	57	0.95	0.41–2.19	12	1.80	0.40–8.20	20	0.52	0.16–1.76	23	0.88	0.25–3.09
Never	261	128	1.0	–	35	1.0	–	47	1.0	–	39	1.0	–
Former^b
> 15 years	204	114	1.36	0.83–2.24	30	1.38	0.61–3.15	41	1.13	0.55–2.30	39	1.28	0.59–2.75
≤ 15 years	97	95	3.33	1.47–7.58	24	2.64	0.68–10.5	32	1.72	0.54–5.49	33	3.81	1.10–13.2
Current	232	57	1.05	0.42–2.62	12	0.57	0.12–2.80	20	0.51	0.14–1.94	23	1.34	0.34–5.35
Never	261	128	1.0	–	35	1.0	–	47	1.0	–	39	1.0	–
Former^b
> 20 years	169	91	1.28	0.78–2.08	23	1.44	0.64–3.24	33	1.08	0.54–2.21	31	1.18	0.55–2.54
≤ 20 years	132	118	3.22	1.45–7.11	31	3.44	0.94–12.6	40	1.68	0.55–5.16	41	3.78	1.14–12.5
Current	232	57	1.15	0.45–2.95	12	0.93	0.18–4.62	20	0.53	0.14–2.07	23	1.55	0.37–6.43

Gleason information was available for 383 cases; 8 cases were not considered in stratified analyses Gleason = 7 or Gleason ≥8, because they were just classified as Gleason ≥7
Text in bold denotes statistical significance
^aAdjusted by age at interview, educational level, family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives, chronic and sexually transmitted diseases, life course physical activity, dairy energy intake and number of cigarettes and smoking duration
^bFormer smokers were categorized according to cessation time before interview

ISSN: 1471-2407