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Table 3 Colorectal cancer mortality and incidence attributable to the selected risk factors in China, 2012

From: Attributable causes of colorectal cancer in China

Risk factors

Men

Women

Total

PAF (95% CI)a (%)

Mortality

Incidence

PAF (95% CI)a (%)

Mortality

Incidence

PAF(95% CI)a (%)

Mortality

Incidence

Tobacco smoking

8.4(4.9–12.1)

6636

12,348

0.4(0.2–0.6)

240

428

4.9(2.9–7.1)

6876

12,776

Alcohol drinking

8.7(0.4–17.6)

6873

12,789

1.1(0.0–2.4)

660

1177

5.4(0.2–11.0)

7533

13,966

Overweight/Obesity

4.9(1.6–8.5)

3871

7203

5.8(1.9–9.9)

3480

6206

5.3(1.7–9.1)

7351

13,409

Physical inactive

8.9(6.5–11.1)

7031

13,083

9.0(5.9–13.1)

5400

9630

8.9(6.1–22.2)

12,431

22,713

Low vegetable intake

18.8(6.2–29.1)

14,852

27,636

16.8(5.7–25.9)

10,080

17,976

17.9(3.7–17.1)

24,932

45,612

Low fruit intake

6.2(2.2–10.4)

4898

9114

6.7(2.3–11.2)

4020

7169

6.4(2.5–13.2)

8918

16,283

High red and processed meat intake

9.1(2.7–14.8)

7189

13,377

7.9(2.2–12.7)

4740

8453

8.6(2.5–13.9)

11,929

21,830

Totalb

49.8(22.2–68.1)

39,342

73,206

39.6(17.1–56.4)

23,760

42,372

45.5(18.1–63.8)

63,102

115,578

  1. PAF Population Attributable Fraction. Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in China were from the Globocan database in 2012 [22]
  2. a95% CIs were calculated by a delta method
  3. bCombined PAF for smoking, drinking, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, low vegetable intake, low fruit intake, high red and processed meat intake was calculated using the following formula [35]: PAF = 1 – (1 – PAF1) × (1 – PAF2) × (1 – PAF3) × (1 – PAF4) × (1 – PAF5) × (1 – PAF6) × (1 – PAF7)