Table 2 Hazard ratio (HR) of incident colorectal-, colon, and rectal cancer associated with blood glucose, plasma insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cardiovascular cohort
From: High blood glucose levels are associated with higher risk of colon cancer in men: a cohort study
Colorectal cancer | Colon cancer | Rectal cancer | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude model | Full model | Crude model | Full model | Crude model | Full model | |||||||||||
Quartiles | Min-max | Cases/person-years | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | Cases/person-years | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | Cases/person-years | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI |
Blood glucose (mmol/l) n = 4910 | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 3.3–4.5 | 25/18381 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 14/18246 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 11/18215 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
2 | 4.6–4.8 | 30/21325 | 1.04 | 0.61, 1.76 | 0.94 | 0.55, 1.60 | 13/21193 | 0.80 | 0.38, 1.70 | 0.71 | 0.33, 1.51 | 17/21197 | 1.33 | 0.62, 2.83 | 1.21 | 0.56, 2.60 |
3 | 4.9–5.2 | 34/22388 | 1.12 | 0.67, 1.87 | 0.99 | 0.59, 1.68 | 22/22277 | 1.29 | 0.66, 2.52 | 1.11 | 0.56, 2.21 | 12/22163 | 0.89 | 0.39, 2.03 | 0.78 | 0.34, 1.81 |
4 | 5.3–16.8 | 56/19687 | 2.11 | 1.31, 3.37 | 1.72 | 1.05, 2.84 | 32/19476 | 2.17 | 1.15, 4.06 | 1.70 | 0.87, 3.33 | 24/19360 | 2.05 | 1.00, 4.18 | 1.62 | 0.75, 3.45 |
p for trend | 0.003 | 0.044 | 0.005 | 0.032 | 0.165 | 0.530 | ||||||||||
p for interaction between sex and blood glucose | 0.013 | 0.032 | 0.130 | |||||||||||||
Plasma insulin (mIU/l) n = 4910 | ||||||||||||||||
1 | <3–4 | 33/23177 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 22/2047 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 11/22922 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
2 | 5–6 | 32/19306 | 1.16 | 0.72, 1.89 | 1.09 | 0.67, 1.78 | 17/19190 | 0.93 | 0.49, 1.75 | 0.85 | 0.45, 1.60 | 15/19154 | 1.63 | 0.75, 3.55 | 1.58 | 0.72, 3.45 |
3 | 7–8 | 33/16926 | 1.37 | 0.84, 2.22 | 1.25 | 0.76, 2.04 | 20/16800 | 1.25 | 0.68, 2.29 | 1.09 | 0.59, 2.03 | 13/16710 | 1.62 | 0.72, 3.06 | 1.55 | 0.69, 3.52 |
4 | 9–224 | 47/22372 | 1.48 | 0.95, 2.32 | 1.21 | 0.75, 1.96 | 22/22154 | 1.05 | 0.58, 1.89 | 0.80 | 0.42, 1.50 | 25/21149 | 2.35 | 1.16, 4.78 | 2.12 | 0.99, 4.53 |
p for trend | 0.064 | 0.411 | 0.645 | 0.635 | 0.024 | 0.078 | ||||||||||
p for interaction between sex and plasma insulin | 0.142 | 0.350 | 0.316 | |||||||||||||
HOMA2-IR n = 4451 | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 0.3–0.5 | 23/13702 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 16/13623 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 7/13514 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
2 | 0.5–0.8 | 30/20111 | 0.98 | 0.59, 1.62 | 0.91 | 0.55, 1.50 | 16/19996 | 0.80 | 0.42, 1.53 | 0.72 | 0.37, 1.38 | 14/19966 | 1.33 | 0.60, 2.92 | 1.27 | 0.58, 2.82 |
3 | 0.8–1.2 | 37/20527 | 1.19 | 0.74, 1.91 | 1.06 | 0.65, 1.72 | 22/20387 | 1.08 | 0.59, 1.96 | 0.92 | 0.50, 1.70 | 15/20288 | 1.40 | 0.64, 3.04 | 1.33 | 0.60, 2.95 |
4 | 1.2–7.3 | 45/19776 | 1.51 | 0.96, 2.37 | 1.23 | 0.75, 2.01 | 22/19574 | 1.13 | 0.62, 2.06 | 0.84 | 0.44, 1.33 | 23/19553 | 2.23 | 1.09, 4.57 | 2.03 | 0.93, 4.42 |
p for trend | 0.066 | 0.429 | 0.527 | 0.733 | 0.040 | 0.116 | ||||||||||
p for interaction between sex and HOMA2-IR | 0.099 | 0.211 | 0.789 | |||||||||||||