Table 5 Treatment parameters of LLLT (PBM)

Ridner et al. (2013) [49]

RianCorp LTU 904

Limb region

20–30 s/point;

20 min session

NR

Mayrovitz and Davey (2011) [54]

RianCorp LTU 904H

Limb region, 5 points

1 min/point;

5 min/session

5 mW output; 904 nm wavelength; in pulsed mode

[Calculated: 0.3 J per point, 1.5 J total energy]

Dirican et al. (2011) [55]

RianCorp LTU-904

Axillary region, 17 points

1 min/point; two Tx cycles of 3 times/wk. for 3 weeks

0.3 J per point; 904 nm

Omar et al. (2011) [48]

Pagani IR27/4, GaAs

Antecubital fossa, 3 points;

Axillary region, 7 points

2 min/point; 20 min/session, 3 times/wk. for 12 weeks

5 mW output; 904 nm; (maximum frequency of 2800 Hz, pulse duration of 50 ns); average dosage of 1.5 J/cm²

Lau and Cheing (2009) [52]

Comby 3 Terza Serie, Model D

Axillary region

Estimated Tx area of 144 cm²; 20 min/session, 3 times/wk. for 4 weeks

Three sources: 808 nm and ×2 905 nm, with outputs 24 mW–500 mW maximum. Combined emission mode with average dosage of 2 J/cm²

Kozanoglu et al. (2009) [50]

Electronica Pagani IR27/4, GaAs 904 nm

Antecubital fossa;

Axillary region

20 min/session, 3 times/wk. for 4 weeks

904 nm wavelength in pulsed mode (frequency of 2800 Hz); dosage of 1.5 J/cm²

Maiya et al. (2008) [51]

He-Ne 632.8 nm laser device and Diode 850 nm laser

Axillary region

34 min/session, daily for 10 days

632.8 nm and 850 nm; dosage of 2.4 J/cm²

Kaviani et al. (2006) [47]

Mustang-024, GaAs diode laser device

Axillary region, 5 points

Two LLLT blocks (3 times/wk. for 3 weeks) with an 8-wk. interval (18 sessions in total)

10 W maximum output power, 890 nm wavelength in pulsed mode (frequency of 3000 Hz, pulse width of 130 ns, emission power of 4 mJ/s); dosage of 1.5 J/cm²

Carati et al. (2003) [46]

RianCorp LTU 904H

Axillary region, 17 points

1 min/point; 17 min/session; two LLLT blocks (3 times/wk. for 3 weeks) with an 8-wk. interval

5 mW average output; 904 nm wavelength in pulsed mode; dosage of 1.5 J/cm²

Piller and Thelander (1995/1998) [44, 45]

Space Mid M3-UP Helium Neon laser device

Axillary region; forearm; upper arm

30 min/session; 16 sessions (2 times/wk. for 6 weeks followed by 1 time/wk. for 4 weeks)

6.5 mw output power per course; 632.8 nm wavelength (Helium Neon laser); 14 mW average output power; 904 nm wavelength (semiconductor diode infrared lasers); treatment dosage ranged 2–4 J/cm²