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Table 2 Frequency distribution of comorbidities, lifestyle factors and healthcare use of CRC cases and controls, and their association with risk of CRC

From: New use of low-dose aspirin and risk of colorectal cancer by stage at diagnosis: a nested case–control study in UK general practice

Characteristic

Controls

N = 10,000

n (%)

Cases

N = 3033

n (%)

RR (95% CI)a

PCP visitsb

 0–1

486 (4.9)

92 (3.0)

1.00 (−)

 2–4

1094 (10.9)

261 (8.6)

1.37 (1.06–1.79)

 5–9

2624 (26.2)

699 (23.0)

1.76 (1.38–2.25)

 10–19

3715 (37.1)

1164 (38.4)

2.28 (1.79–2.91)

 ≥ 20

2081 (20.8)

817 (26.9)

3.07 (2.38–3.96)

Referralsb

 0–1

4760 (47.6)

1182 (39.0)

1.00 (−)

 2–4

2778 (27.8)

917 (30.2)

1.28 (1.16–1.43)

 5–9

1716 (17.2)

612 (20.2)

1.35 (1.19–1.53)

 ≥ 10

746 (7.5)

322 (10.6)

1.57 (1.33–1.85)

Hospitalizationsb

 None

8496 (85.0)

2424 (79.9)

1.00 (−)

 1

930 (9.3)

375 (12.4)

1.32 (1.16–1.51)

 2

328 (3.3)

148 (4.9)

1.45 (1.18–1.77)

 ≥ 3

246 (2.5)

86 (2.8)

1.08 (0.83–1.39)

BMI (kg/m2)c

 < 20

343 (3.4)

111 (3.7)

1.07 (0.85–1.35)

 20–24

2665 (26.7)

774 (25.5)

1.00 (−)

 25–29

3793 (37.9)

1144 (37.7)

1.03 (0.93–1.15)

 ≥ 30

2324 (23.2)

714 (23.5)

1.04 (0.92–1.17)

 Unknown

875 (8.8)

290 (9.6)

1.25 (1.06–1.47)

Smoking status

 Non-smoker

4378 (43.8)

1231 (40.6)

1.00 (−)

 Current

1292 (12.9)

376 (12.4)

1.07 (0.94–1.23)

 Former

4102 (41.0)

1362 (44.9)

1.20 (1.09–1.31)

 Unknown

228 (2.3)

64 (2.1)

0.93 (0.69–1.27)

Alcohol consumption (units/week)d

 None

1771 (17.7)

483 (15.9)

1.00 (−)

 1–9

4722 (47.2)

1401 (46.2)

1.12 (0.99–1.26)

 10–20

1521 (15.2)

480 (15.8)

1.21 (1.04–1.41)

 ≥ 21

725 (7.3)

274 (9.0)

1.46 (1.20–1.78)

 Unknown

1261 (12.6)

395 (13.0)

1.15 (0.97–1.36)

Comorbiditiese

 Diabetes

1852 (18.5)

598 (19.7)

0.98 (0.87–1.10)

 IBD

124 (1.2)

40 (1.3)

1.04 (0.72–1.50)

 IBS

534 (5.3)

176 (5.8)

1.02 (0.85–1.22)

 Gout

765 (7.6)

250 (8.2)

1.10 (0.94–1.29)

 Hypertension

5626 (56.3)

1740 (57.4)

1.01 (0.93–1.11)

 Hypercholesterolemia

1655 (16.6)

484 (16.0)

0.96 (0.83–1.35)

 Upper GI disorders

2165 (21.6)

656 (21.6)

0.93 (0.84–1.03)

  1. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CRC colorectal cancer, GI gastrointestinal, IBD inflammatory bowel disease, IBS irritable bowel syndrome, NSAIDS non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PCP primary care practitioner, RR rate ratio, u/w units per week
  2. aAdjusted by the matching variables (age, sex and year of index date) and number of PCP visits, smoking (any time before index date), insulin, NSAIDs, BMI (any time before index date) and oral steroids
  3. bIn the year before the index date
  4. cAny time before the index date taking the value recorded nearest to the index date
  5. dUnits per week = 10 ml (8 g) of pure ethanol
  6. eAny time before the index date except for GI disorders, which were ascertained anytime up to and including the start date. Reference group for all comorbidities was not having the respective condition
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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