Characteristics | Â | n | % |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 668 | 55.1 |
 | Female | 544 | 44.9 |
Ethnic groups | Chinese | 808 | 66.7 |
 | Malays | 225 | 18.6 |
 | Indians | 157 | 13.0 |
 | Others | 22 | 1.7 |
Age groups (years) | ≤ 39 | 83 | 6.8 |
 | 40–49 | 121 | 10.0 |
 | 50–59 | 291 | 24.0 |
 | 60–69 | 410 | 34.0 |
 | ≥ 70 | 307 | 25.3 |
Co-morbidities | Hypertension | 318 | 26.2 |
Diabetes | 196 | 16.2 | |
Site | Colon | 596 | 49.2 |
 | Rectum | 552 | 45.5 |
Unknown | 64 | 5.3 | |
Pre-operative carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) level | Not elevated (≤ 5.0 ng/ml) | 543 | 44.8 |
Elevated (> 5.0Â ng/ml) | 256 | 21.1 | |
Unknown | 413 | 34.1 | |
Tumour Grades | Low | 802 | 66.2 |
 | High | 60 | 5.0 |
 | Unknown | 350 | 28.8 |
Duke’s Stages | A&B | 297 | 24.5 |
 | C | 366 | 30.2 |
 | D | 151 | 12.5 |
 | Unknown | 398 | 32.8 |
Treatment modalities | Surgery alone | 488 | 40.3 |
 | Surgery plus Chemo- or Radiotherapy | 393 | 32.4 |
 | Surgery plus Chemo- and Radiotherapy | 116 | 9.6 |
 | Chemo- and Radiotherapy alone | 101 | 8.3 |
 | Best supportive care | 114 | 9.4 |
Urgency of surgerya | Elective | 481 | 48.2 |
(n = 997) | Emergency | 134 | 13.4 |
 | Unknown | 382 | 38.2 |