Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of participants, stratified by obesity (measured via BMI)

From: Effect of genetic variants and traits related to glucose metabolism and their interaction with obesity on breast and colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal women

Characteristic

Non-obese group (BMI < 30.0)

Obese group (BMI ≥ 30.0)

(n = 3675)

(n = 1704)

n

(%)

n

(%)

Age in years, median (range)

68

(50–79)

67

(50–71)*

Education

  ≤ High school

1272

(34.6)

701

(41.1)*

  > High school

2403

(65.4)

1003

(58.9)

Family history of diabetes mellitus

 No

2714

(73.9)

1122

(65.8)*

 Yes

961

(26.1)

582

(34.2)

Family history of cancer

 No

1327

(36.1)

567

(33.3)

 Yes

2348

(63.9)

1137

(66.7)

Family history of breast cancer

 No

3070

(83.5)

1428

(83.8)

 Yes

605

(16.5)

276

(16.2)

Family history of colorectal cancer

 No

3106

(84.5)

1430

(83.9)

 Yes

569

(15.5)

274

(16.1)

Cardiovascular disease ever

 No

3161

(86.0)

1430

(83.9)

 Yes

514

(14.0)

274

(16.1)

Hypertension ever

 No

2702

(73.5)

1026

(60.2)*

 Yes

973

(26.5)

678

(39.8)

High cholesterol requiring pills ever

 No

3178

(86.5)

1460

(85.7)

 Yes

497

(13.5)

244

(14.3)

Smoking status

 Never

1882

(51.2)

897

(52.6)*

 Past

1498

(40.8)

705

(41.4)

 Current

295

(8.0)

102

(6.0)

Lifetime partner

 Have never had sex

56

(1.5)

38

(2.2)

 Have had sex

3619

(98.5)

1666

(97.8)

Depressive symptoma

  < 0.06

3392

(92.3)

1556

(91.3)

  ≥ 0.06

283

(7.7)

148

(8.7)

METs·hour·week-1 b

  < 10

1875

(51.0)

1160

(68.1)*

  ≥ 10

1800

(49.0)

544

(31.9)

Total HEI-2005 score, median (range)c

68.7

(25.8–90.8)

65.7

(27.9–91.2)*

Dietary total sugars in g, median (range)

91.6

(4.6–350.2)

94.9

(10.8–474.5)*

Dietary alcohol per day in g, median (range)

1.506

(0.0–106.7)

0.561

(0.0–148.6)*

% calories from fatd

  < 40%

3057

(83.2)

1268

(74.4)*

  ≥ 40%

618

(16.8)

436

(25.6)

Waist circumference in cm, median (range)

81.0

(37.5–177.0)

100.0

(69.0–191.8)*

Waist-to-hip ratio, median (range)

0.798

(0.341–1.893)

0.849

(0.633–1.696)*

Oral contraceptive use

 Never

2448

(66.6)

1123

(65.9)

 Ever

1227

(33.4)

581

(34.1)

History of hysterectomy or oophorectomy

 No

2457

(66.9)

1006

(59.0)*

 Yes

1218

(33.1)

698

(41.0)

Age at menarche in years, median (range)

13

(≤ 9–≥ 17)

12

(≤ 9–≥ 17)*

Age at menopause in years, median (range)

50

(20–60)

50

(21–60)

Pregnancy history

 No

276

(7.5)

134

(7.9)

 Yes

3399

(92.5)

1570

(92.1)

Breastfeeding at least one month

 No

1649

(44.9)

812

(47.7)

 Yes

2026

(55.1)

892

(52.3)

Exogenous estrogen use

 No

2224

(60.5)

1122

(65.8)*

 Yes

1451

(39.5)

582

(34.2)

Glucose in mg/dl, median (range)

92.0

(39.0–369.0)

97.0

(62.0–347.0)*

Insulin in μIU/ml, median (range)

5.5

(0.5–119.4)

9.8

(0.3–57.0)*

HOMA-IR, median (range)

1.3

(0.1–25.1)

2.4

(0.1–42.3)*

  1. BMI body mass index, HEI-2005 Healthy Eating Index-2005, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance, MET metabolic equivalent
  2. *p < 0.05, chi-squared or Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test
  3. aDepression scales were estimated by using a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and categorized with 0.06 as the cutoff to detect depressive disorders
  4. bPhysical activity was estimated from recreational physical activity combining walking and mild, moderate, and strenuous physical activity
  5. cHEI-2005 is a measure of diet quality that assesses adherence to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The total HEI score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher diet quality
  6. dParticipants were stratified by high-fat diet using 40% as a cutoff value relevant to glucose intolerance [47]
Back to article page

BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

Contact us