Fig. 2

SOCS1 expression in PCa correlates inversely with the tumor grade. a, b Representative immunohistochemical staining intensities of androgen receptor (AR) and SOCS1 in normal prostatic epithelium and representative PCa specimens. The H-score of IHC staining intensity and the ISUP grade groups are indicated for each specimen. Two specimens from group 2 are presented to illustrate the variation in staining intensity within groups. c High power image of SOCS1 staining in normal prostatic epithelium. d Distribution of the H-scores of AR and SOCS1 across the ISUP grade groups. The slope shows the correlation between the H-score and the ISUP grade groups. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ) and its statistical significance (p) are indicated. Statistical analyses between grade groups were carried out using one-way ANOVA adjusted with Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparisons test, and no significant differences were found. e-g Distinct staining patterns of prostein and SOCS1 in the prostate parenchyma (e) and at the prostate-urethra junction (f). Note the SOCS1 staining of adjacent immune cells (arrows) and stromal cells (arrowheads). g High power image of SOCS1 staining in lymphocytes within the prostatic stroma showing distinct nuclear positivity