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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for risk factors of aspiration pneumonia

From: Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia after definitive chemoradiotherapy or bio-radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer: a monocentric case control study

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P-value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P-value

Age

  < 65 years old

Ref.

   

  ≥ 65 years old

1.71 (0.97–2.99)

0.06

  

Gender

 Male

1.06 (0.46–2.43)

0.89

  

 Female

Ref.

   

ECOG performance status

 0–1

Ref.

   

 2–3

2.61 (0.89–7.62)

0.07

  

Body mass index

  < 18.5

Ref.

   

 18.5–25

0.87 (0.41–1.87)

0.73

  

  ≥ 25

0.71 (0.27–1.83)

0.48

  

Primary site

 Larynx

Ref.

   

 Nasopharynx

1.21 (0.32–4.55)

0.77

  

 Hypopharynx

2.07 (0.73–5.83)

0.17

  

 Nasal sinus

1.71 (0.36–8.12)

0.49

  

 Oropharynx

3.49 (1.23–9.94)

0.02

1.69 (0.50–5.67)

0.39

 Oral cavity

4.44 (1.06–18.7)

0.04

1.95 (0.38-9.98)

0.42

T-classification

 1–2

Ref.

   

 3–4

2.38 (1.32–4.30)

0.004

1.75 (0.85–3.59)

0.12

N-classification

 0–2b

Ref.

   

 2c–3

1.39 (0.75–2.57)

0.29

  

Tumor histology

 SCC

Ref.

   

 Others

0.20 (0.02–1.57)

0.12

  

Smoking status

 Never

Ref.

   

 Past

0.87 (0.37–2.07)

0.76

  

 Current

1.14 (0.43–2.98)

0.78

  

Habitual alcoholic consumption

 Yes

1.79 (1.00–3.24)

0.05

2.11 (1.01–4.38)

0.04

 No

Ref.

   

Distance from the hospital

  < 10 km

Ref.

   

  ≥ 10 km

0.88 (0.48–1.59)

0.67

  

Family members in the same household

 Yes

Ref.

   

 No

1.33 (0.64–2.73)

0.44

  

Use of ACEi or ARB

 Yes

1.50 (0.76–2.93)

0.23

  

 No

Ref.

   

Use of PPI or H2 blocker

 Yes

1.02 (0.58–1.77)

0.94

  

 No

Ref.

   

Oral hygiene before treatment

 Good

Ref.

   

 Poor

2.63 (1.33–5.21)

0.005

2.81 (1.28–6.16)

0.01

Coexistence of other malignancies

 Yes

2.72 (1.30–5.68)

0.007

3.51 (1.46–8.42)

0.005

 No

Ref.

   

Comorbidity index

 0

Ref.

   

  ≥ 1

0.59 (0.29–1.22)

0.15

  

Serum albumin before treatment

 Within normal limits

Ref.

   

 Less than normal range

4.60 (2.37–8.95)

0.000006

2.70 (1.12–6.53)

0.02

Hemoglobin before treatment

 Within normal limits

Ref.

   

 Less than normal range

2.62 (1.49–4.61)

0.0008

1.08 (0.51–2.28)

0.84

Use of sleeping pills at the end of treatment

 Yes

3.22 (1.83–5.67)

0.00005

4.39 (2.21–8.74)

0.00002

 No

Ref.

   

Main feeding at the end of treatment

 Oral

Ref.

   

 Non-oral

1.66 (0.93-2.96)

0.09

  

Presence of gastrostomy during the treatment

 Yes

2.6 (1.41-4.77)

0.0018

1.58 (0.754-3.31)

0.22

 No

Ref.

   

Induction chemotherapy

 Yes

1.20 (0.64–2.23)

0.56

  

 No

Ref.

   

Concurrent chemotherapy regimen

 CDDP-based

Ref.

   

 CBDCA-based

1.01 (0.45–2.25)

0.98

  

 Cetuximab

1.01 (0.38–2.62)

0.98

  

Radiation technique

 Conventional 3D-CRT

1.60 (0.76–3.34)

0.21

  

 IMRT

Ref.

   

Irradiation field

 Primary alone

Ref.

   

 Hemi neck

3.82 (0.43–33.5)

0.22

  

 Whole neck

5.43 (0.71–41.6)

0.10

  

Treatment efficacy

 CR

Ref.

   

 non-CR

2.56 (1.46–4.48)

0.0009

1.60 (0.81–3.14)

0.17

Body weight loss after treatment

  < 10%

Ref.

   

  ≥ 10%

1.26 (0.72–2.19)

0.41

  

Serum albumin decreasing post-treatment

  < 20%

Ref.

   

  ≥ 20%

1.12 (0.63–1.97)

0.71

  

Hemoglobin decreasing post-treatment

  < 30%

Ref.

   

  ≥ 30%

1.31 (0.75–2.29)

0.33

  

The worst mucositis grade during treatment

 0–2

Ref.

   

 3–4

0.91 (0.51–1.58)

0.72

  

The worst dysphagia grade during treatment

 0–2

Ref.

   

 3–4

0.59 (0.33–1.05)

0.07

  
  1. Abbreviations: ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, SCC Squamous cell carcinoma, ACEi Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker, PPI Proton pump inhibitor, 3D-CRT Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, IMRT Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, CR Complete response
  2. The normal range of laboratory data at our institution: Serum albumin (3.8–5.2 g/dl), hemoglobin (male: 13.5–17.6 g/dl, female: 11.3–15.2 g/dl)
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