Fig. 1

CUBN discovery pipeline and the standard Human Protein Atlas cancer test set. a The Human Protein Atlas database (www.proteinatlas.org and unpublished data) was systematically searched for cancer type-specific proteins using automated and manual searches. Staining patterns were reviewed and 15 proteins with RCC-enriched expression chosen for further antibody validation. Following extensive antibody validation and exclusion of antibodies with overlapping staining patterns, three antibodies were selected for validation of RCC-specific staining on multi-cancer TMA cohort 1. Two of these biomarkers were validated further on independent RCC-specific cohorts (cohort 2 and 3) and CUBN identified as highly RCC-specific protein. b CUBN staining on routine Human Protein Atlas cancer test set. Two antibodies, HPA004133 and HPA043854, targeting different epitopes on the same protein generated similar staining patterns. Red, orange and yellow coloring indicates cases with strong, moderate and weak staining, respectively. Grey corresponds to CUBN negative cases