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Table 1 Characteristics of 27 included studies for meta–analysis on prostate cancer and alcohol consumption

From: Is alcohol consumption a risk factor for prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta–analysis

Author

Study country

Cases/Na

Outcomeb

Designc

Age range

Follow–up yrs

Covariates assessd

Studies with both biases

 Stemmermann, [11]

US

227/8006

M/M

P–cohort

46–65

25.5

1,4

 Tavani et al., [12]

Italy

281/880

Morb

Hos–CC

25–79

u/a

1,2,4,5

 Breslow et al., [30]

US

252/5766

M/M

P–cohort

25–75

17.0

1,2,3

 Schuurman et al., [44]

Netherlands

680/58279

Morb

P–cohort

55–69

6.3

1,2

 Lund Nilsen et, [37]

Norway

644/22895

M/M

P–cohort

40–99

9.3

1

 Ellison, [34]

Canada

145/3400

M/M

R–cohort

50–84

23.0

1

 Sesso et al., [4]

US

366/7612

M/M

P–cohort

30–68

5.0

1,4,5,6

 Velicer et al., [46]

US

816/34565

Morb

P–cohort

50–76

4.0

1

 McGregor et al., [38]

Canada

947/1986

Morb

Pop–CC

–79

u/a

1

 Sawada et al., [43]

Japan

913/48218

Morb

P–cohort

40–79

16.0

1,4,5

Studies with former drinker bias only

 Jain et al., [35]

Canada

617/1254

Morb

Pop–CC

48–92

u/a

1,4

 Putnam et al., [41]

US

101/1572

M/M

P–cohort

40–86

9.0

1

 Platz et al., [40]

US

2479/47843

M/M

P–cohort

40–75

12.0

1,3,5,6

 Weinstein et al., [47]

Finland

1270/27111

M/M

P–cohort

50–69

17.0

1,7

 Rohrmann et al., [42]

Europee

2655/142647

M/M

P–cohort

40–65

8.7

4,5

 Watters et al., [5]

US

17227/294707

M/M

P–cohort

50–71

7.0

1,2,3,4,5,6

Studies with occasional drinker bias only

 Hiatt et al., [9]

US

238/43432

Morb

P–cohort

30–99

4.6

1,2,3

 Andersson et al., [28]

Sweden

256/508

Morb

Pop–CC

–79

u/a

1

 Hayes et al., [6]

US

981/2296

Morb

Pop–CC

40–79

u/a

1,3

 Baglietto et al., [29]

Australia

732/16872

M/M

P–cohort

27–70

10.3

1

 Breslow et al., [48]

US

8362/323354

Mort

P–cohort

18–99

8.3

1,2,3,5

Studies with neither abstainer bias

 De Stefani et al., [33]

Uruguay

156/458

Morb

Hos–CC

40–89

u/a

1,2,4

 Lumey et al., [36]

US

699/2740

Morb

Hos–CC

36–81

u/a

1,2,3

 Crispo et al., [32]

Italy

2663/4114

Morb

Hos–CC

46–74

u/a

1,2,5,6

 Chang et al., [31]

Sweden

1499/2629

Morb

Pop–CC

45–79

u/a

1

 Pelucchi et al., [39]

Italy

1294/2745

Morb

Hos–CC

46–79

u/a

1

 Sutcliffe et al., [45]

US

3348/45433

M/M

P–cohort

40–75

16.0

1,3,5,6

  1. Note: a N = cases + controls in a case–control study. bM/M = mortality and morbidity, Morb = morbidity and Mort = mortality. cP–cohort = prospective cohort, R–cohort = retrospective cohort, Pop–CC = population–based case–control, Hos–CC = hospital–based case–control. d1: age; 2: social status; 3: race; 4: smoking status; 5: body mass index; 6: exercise. e10 European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Sweden