Cancer
|
Cohort (years)
|
European/Other males
|
Māori males
|
Pacific males
|
---|
Rate
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate difference (CI)
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate ratio (CI)
|
Rate
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate difference (CI)
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate ratio (CI)
|
---|
Mortality
|
Lung
|
1981–84
|
44.5
|
.
|
87.8
|
.
|
43.4 (24.4 to 62.4)
|
.
|
1.98 (1.58–2.47)
|
23.5
|
.
|
−21.0 (−39.1– −2.9)
|
.
|
0.53 (0.25–1.14)
|
2006–11
|
20.5
|
<0.01
|
71.2
|
0.07
|
50.7 (42.6–58.8)
|
0.87
|
3.47 (3.06–3.94)
|
49.9
|
0.30
|
29.4 (17.9–40.9)
|
0.07
|
2.43 (1.92–3.08)
|
Colorectal
|
1981–84
|
22.5
|
.
|
13.7
|
.
|
−8.8 (−15.5– −2.2)
|
.
|
0.61 (0.38–0.98)
|
7.5
|
.
|
−15.0 (−25.6– −4.4)
|
.
|
0.33 (0.08–1.35)
|
2006–11
|
17.4
|
0.05
|
20.4
|
0.15
|
3.1 (−1.1–7.3)
|
<0.01
|
1.18 (0.96–1.45)
|
9.4
|
0.68
|
−7.9 (−11.8– −4.0)
|
0.10
|
0.54 (0.36–0.81)
|
Prostate
|
1981–8
|
9.1
|
.
|
8.8
|
.
|
−0.3 (−7.6–7.0)
|
.
|
0.97 (0.42–2.21)
|
26.2
|
.
|
17.1 (−14.5–48.6)
|
.
|
2.87 (0.85–9.63)
|
2006–11
|
9.3
|
0.86
|
18.5
|
0.01
|
9.2 (4.8–13.7)
|
<0.01
|
1.99 (1.55–2.56)
|
10.0
|
0.23
|
0.7 (−4.7–6.1)
|
0.32
|
1.07 (0.62–1.85)
|
Stomach
|
1981–84
|
8.7
|
.
|
24.3
|
.
|
15.6 (6.2–25.0)
|
.
|
2.80 (1.87–4.20)
|
35.2
|
.
|
26.6 (−1.5–54.6)
|
.
|
4.07 (1.82–9.10)
|
2006–11
|
3.8
|
<0.01
|
13.2
|
0.15
|
9.4 (6.1–12.7)
|
0.57
|
3.47 (2.62–4.59)
|
9.7
|
0.04
|
5.8 (1.1–10.6)
|
0.07
|
2.53 (1.53–4.18)
|
Melanoma
|
1981–84
|
5.6
|
.
|
0.8
|
.
|
−4.8 (−6.6– −3.1)
|
.
|
0.14 (0.02–0.97)
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
2006–11
|
7.1
|
.
|
1.9
|
.
|
−5.1 (−6.6– −3.6)
|
.
|
0.28 (0.14–0.54)
|
1.6
|
.
|
−5.5 (−7.2– −3.7)
|
.
|
0.23 (0.08–0.61)
|
All cancers
|
1981–84
|
147.2
|
.
|
219.7
|
.
|
72.5 (43.5–101.4)
|
.
|
1.49 (1.31–1.71)
|
173.3
|
.
|
26.1 (−31.0–83.1)
|
.
|
1.18 (0.85–1.64)
|
2006–11
|
112.2
|
<0.01
|
214.3
|
0.66
|
102.0 (88.1–116.0)
|
0.17
|
1.91 (1.78–2.04)
|
148.4
|
0.20
|
36.2 (17.5–54.9)
|
0.94
|
1.32 (1.17–1.50)
|
Incidence
|
Lung
|
1981–86
|
50.9
|
.
|
91.2
|
.
|
40.3 (26.7 to 54.0)
|
.
|
1.79 (1.54 to 2.09)
|
56.5
|
.
|
5.7 (−26.1 to 37.4)
|
.
|
1.11 (0.63 to 1.95)
|
2006–11
|
25.6
|
<0.01
|
78.9
|
0.08
|
53.3 (44.8 to 61.8)
|
0.69
|
3.08 (2.74 to 3.47)
|
49.3
|
0.15
|
23.7 (12.3 to 35.2)
|
0.70
|
1.93 (1.52 to 2.44)
|
Colorectal
|
1981–86
|
48.8
|
.
|
24.5
|
.
|
−24.3 (−32.1 to −16.4)
|
.
|
0.50 (0.37 to 0.69)
|
22.3
|
.
|
−26.5 (−40.1 to −12.9)
|
.
|
0.46 (0.25 to 0.84)
|
2006–11
|
47.4
|
0.76
|
42.9
|
<0.01
|
−4.5 (−10.7 to 1.8)
|
<0.01
|
0.91 (0.78 to 1.05)
|
29.8
|
0.94
|
−17.6 (−26.0 to −9.3)
|
0.89
|
0.63 (0.48 to 0.83)
|
Prostate
|
1981–86
|
27.7
|
.
|
32.7
|
.
|
5.0 (−5.5 to 15.5)
|
.
|
1.18 (0.86 to 1.63)
|
20.7
|
.
|
−7.0 (−30.0 to 16.0)
|
.
|
0.75 (0.25 to 2.27)
|
2006–11
|
110.1
|
<0.01
|
101.0
|
<0.01
|
−9.1 (−18.8 to 0.6)
|
0.11
|
0.92 (0.83 to 1.01)
|
88.2
|
0.01
|
−21.9 (−36.6 to −7.2)
|
0.07
|
0.80 (0.68 to 0.95)
|
Stomach
|
1981–86
|
11.5
|
.
|
18.9
|
.
|
7.4 (1.8 to 13.1)
|
.
|
1.65 (1.21 to 2.24)
|
50.1
|
.
|
38.6 (8.6 to 68.6)
|
.
|
4.37 (2.38 to 8.00)
|
2006–11
|
5.5
|
<0.01
|
18.7
|
0.44
|
13.2 (9.2 to 17.2)
|
0.53
|
3.42 (2.69 to 4.34)
|
15.0
|
0.13
|
9.6 (4.2 to 14.9)
|
0.31
|
2.75 (1.89 to 3.99)
|
Melanoma
|
1981–86
|
21.1
|
.
|
6.4
|
.
|
−14.7 (−18.0 to −11.5)
|
.
|
0.30 (0.19 to 0.48)
|
3.6
|
.
|
−17.5 (−21.8 to −13.2)
|
.
|
0.17 (0.06 to 0.53)
|
2006–11
|
53.3
|
<0.01
|
8.0
|
0.11
|
−45.3 (−48.3 to −42.2)
|
<0.01
|
0.15 (0.11 to 0.20)
|
3.2
|
0.78
|
−50.1 (−53.0 to −47.2)
|
<0.01
|
0.06 (0.03 to 0.12)
|
Liver*
|
1981–86
|
1.5
|
.
|
8.7
|
.
|
7.3 (3.8 to 10.8)
|
.
|
5.95 (3.73 to 9.51)
|
16.3
|
.
|
14.8 (7.1 to 22.6)
|
.
|
11.12 (6.51 to 19.0)
|
2006–11
|
3.8
|
0.01
|
16.5
|
0.02
|
12.8 (9.4 to 16.1)
|
0.04
|
4.39 (3.46 to 5.58)
|
19.3
|
0.82
|
15.5 (8.9 to 22.1)
|
0.64
|
5.12 (3.55 to 7.38)
|
First cancers^
|
1981–86
|
271.2
|
.
|
309.0
|
.
|
37.8 (12.2 to 63.3)
|
.
|
1.14 (1.05 to 1.24)
|
324.8
|
.
|
53.6 (−12.7 to 119.9)
|
.
|
1.20 (0.98 to 1.47)
|
2006–11
|
401.8
|
<0.01
|
427.1
|
<0.01
|
25.3 (5.6 to 45.0)
|
0.24
|
1.06 (1.01 to 1.11)
|
324.2
|
0.47
|
−77.6 (−105 to −50.1)
|
0.02
|
0.81 (0.74 to 0.88)
|
| |
European/Other females
|
Māori females
|
Pacific females
|
Cancer
|
Cohort
|
Rate
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate difference (CI)
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate ratio (CI)
|
Rate
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate difference (CI)
|
Linear trend p-value
|
Rate ratio (CI)
|
Mortality
|
Lung
|
1981–84
|
12.1
|
.
|
55.7
|
.
|
43.7 (29.0–58.3)
|
.
|
4.62 (3.49–6.12)
|
6.1
|
.
|
−5.9 (−13.1–1.2)
|
.
|
0.51 (0.16–1.62)
|
2006–11
|
16.1
|
.
|
64.6
|
.
|
48.5 (41.8–55.2)
|
.
|
4.01 (3.56–4.52)
|
20.4
|
.
|
4.3 (−1.5–10.0)
|
.
|
1.26 (0.95–1.68)
|
Colorectal
|
1981–84
|
19.3
|
.
|
6.7
|
.
|
−12.6 (−17.4– −7.8)
|
.
|
0.35 (0.18–0.68)
|
3.5
|
.
|
−15.8 (−21.4– −10.2)
|
.
|
0.18 (0.04–0.85)
|
2006–11
|
13.6
|
.
|
11.4
|
.
|
−2.2 (−5.4–1.0)
|
.
|
0.84 (0.64–1.11)
|
10.0
|
.
|
−3.6 (−7.7–0.5)
|
.
|
0.74 (0.49–1.11)
|
Breast
|
1981–84
|
25.6
|
.
|
31.3
|
.
|
5.7 (−4.0–15.3)
|
.
|
1.22 (0.89–1.67)
|
18.7
|
.
|
−6.9 (−21.4–7.5)
|
.
|
0.73 (0.34–1.57)
|
2006–11
|
18.2
|
<0.01
|
37.8
|
<0.01
|
19.6 (14.5–24.6)
|
<0.01
|
2.07 (1.80–2.39)
|
27.9
|
0.53
|
9.7 (3.3–16.1)
|
0.13
|
1.53 (1.21–1.94)
|
Stomach
|
1981–84
|
3.5
|
.
|
13.3
|
.
|
9.8 (3.8–15.9)
|
.
|
3.80 (2.33–6.18)
|
10.7
|
.
|
7.2 (−5.3–19.7)
|
.
|
3.05 (0.94–9.89)
|
2006–11
|
1.6
|
.
|
9.4
|
.
|
7.8 (5.4–10.3)
|
.
|
5.88 (4.26–8.13)
|
10.1
|
.
|
8.5 (4.3–12.6)
|
.
|
6.30 (4.00–9.92)
|
Melanoma
|
1981–84
|
3.5
|
.
|
0.4
|
.
|
−3.1 (−4.2– −2.0)
|
.
|
0.12 (0.02–0.86)
|
1.6
|
.
|
−1.9 (−5.2–1.4)
|
.
|
0.46 (0.06–3.31)
|
2006–11
|
3.6
|
.
|
0.9
|
.
|
−2.7 (−3.5– −1.9)
|
.
|
0.25 (0.12–0.51)
|
0.7
|
.
|
−2.9 (−4.0– −1.9)
|
.
|
0.19 (0.05–0.76)
|
All cancers^
|
1981–84
|
110.6
|
.
|
182.8
|
.
|
72.2 (47.5–97.0)
|
.
|
1.65 (1.44–1.90)
|
100.8
|
.
|
−9.8 (−46.3–26.8)
|
.
|
0.91 (0.63–1.31)
|
2006–11
|
92.6
|
<0.01
|
202.0
|
0.09
|
109.4 (97.4–121.4)
|
0.01
|
2.18 (2.05–2.32)
|
134.8
|
0.08
|
42.2 (27.4–57.0)
|
0.03
|
1.46 (1.30–1.63)
|
Incidence
|
Lung
|
1981–86
|
14.9
|
.
|
45.7
|
.
|
30.9 (21.4 to 40.3)
|
.
|
3.08 (2.48 to 3.82)
|
9.1
|
.
|
−5.7 (−12.0 to 0.5)
|
.
|
0.61 (0.31 to 1.21)
|
2006–11
|
21.0
|
0.02
|
74.3
|
0.07
|
53.3 (46.1 to 60.5)
|
0.09
|
3.53 (3.17 to 3.94)
|
23.4
|
0.03
|
2.4 (−3.9 to 8.6)
|
0.07
|
1.11 (0.85 to 1.46)
|
Colorectal
|
1981–86
|
43.1
|
.
|
18.5
|
.
|
−24.6 (−30.0 to −19.2)
|
.
|
0.43 (0.33 to 0.57)
|
24.5
|
.
|
−18.5 (−33.0 to −4.0)
|
.
|
0.57 (0.32 to 1.03)
|
2006–11
|
37.8
|
0.21
|
24.6
|
0.05
|
−13.2 (−17.5 to −8.8)
|
<0.01
|
0.65 (0.55 to 0.77)
|
20.5
|
0.75
|
−17.3 (−23.1 to −11.4)
|
0.21
|
0.54 (0.41 to 0.72)
|
Breast
|
1981–86
|
69.4
|
.
|
69.1
|
.
|
−0.3 (−10.7 to 10.1)
|
.
|
1.00 (0.86 to 1.16)
|
67.5
|
.
|
−1.9 (−22.4 to 18.5)
|
.
|
0.97 (0.72 to 1.32)
|
2006–11
|
95.8
|
0.03
|
140.1
|
<0.01
|
44.3 (35.2 to 53.4)
|
<0.01
|
1.46 (1.37 to 1.57)
|
116.0
|
0.05
|
20.2 (7.6 to 32.8)
|
0.40
|
1.21 (1.09 to 1.35)
|
Stomach
|
1981–86
|
4.9
|
.
|
14.7
|
.
|
9.8 (5.0 to 14.6)
|
.
|
2.98 (2.10 to 4.22)
|
15.9
|
.
|
11.0 (−1.3 to 23.3)
|
.
|
3.23 (1.47 to 7.07)
|
2006–11
|
2.3
|
<0.01
|
13.6
|
0.96
|
11.3 (8.4 to 14.2)
|
0.32
|
5.84 (4.47 to 7.64)
|
8.7
|
0.14
|
6.4 (2.6 to 10.2)
|
0.34
|
3.73 (2.35 to 5.93)
|
Melanoma
|
1981–86
|
29.2
|
.
|
6.2
|
.
|
−23.0 (−26.2 to −19.8)
|
.
|
0.21 (0.14 to 0.33)
|
4.1
|
.
|
−25.2 (−30.0 to −20.3)
|
.
|
0.14 (0.05 to 0.43)
|
2006–11
|
48.8
|
<0.01
|
7.7
|
0.23
|
−41.1 (−43.8 to −38.4)
|
<0.01
|
0.16 (0.12 to 0.20)
|
2.5
|
0.54
|
−46.4 (−48.9 to −43.9)
|
<0.01
|
0.05 (0.03 to 0.10)
|
Liver*
|
1981–86
|
0.9
|
.
|
6.8
|
.
|
5.8 (1.1 to 10.5)
|
.
|
7.23 (3.38 to 15.5)
|
4.6
|
.
|
3.7 (−1.5 to 8.9)
|
.
|
4.93 (1.53 to 15.9)
|
2006–11
|
1.5
|
.
|
4.6
|
.
|
3.1 (1.5 to 4.8)
|
.
|
3.14 (2.08 to 4.74)
|
3.8
|
.
|
2.4 (−0.2 to 4.9)
|
.
|
2.62 (1.32 to 5.22)
|
Cervix*
|
1981–86
|
11.9
|
.
|
39.8
|
.
|
27.9 (19.6 to 36.2)
|
.
|
3.35 (2.67 to 4.19)
|
25.1
|
.
|
13.2 (1.9 to 24.4)
|
.
|
2.11 (1.34 to 3.32)
|
2006–11
|
5.0
|
<0.01
|
14.2
|
<0.01
|
9.2 (6.4 to 12.0)
|
0.03
|
2.84 (2.25 to 3.59)
|
9.7
|
0.08
|
4.7 (1.3 to 8.1)
|
0.40
|
1.95 (1.35 to 2.81)
|
Endometrial*
|
1981–86
|
11.8
|
.
|
18.6
|
.
|
6.8 (1.9 to 11.8)
|
.
|
1.58 (1.20 to 2.07)
|
22.9
|
.
|
11.1 (−1.7 to 23.9)
|
.
|
1.94 (1.10 to 3.41)
|
2006–11
|
12.6
|
0.25
|
27.5
|
0.17
|
14.9 (10.7 to 19.1)
|
0.20
|
2.18 (1.85 to 2.57)
|
49.8
|
<0.01
|
37.2 (29.1 to 45.3)
|
<0.01
|
3.95 (3.31 to 4.71)
|
First cancers^
|
1981–86
|
258.0
|
.
|
308.0
|
.
|
50.0 (27.0 to 73.0)
|
.
|
1.19 (1.11 to 1.29)
|
277.3
|
.
|
19.2 (−26.3 to 64.8)
|
.
|
1.07 (0.91 to 1.27)
|
2006–11
|
344.7
|
0.01
|
419.9
|
<0.01
|
75.2 (58.5 to 91.9)
|
0.22
|
1.22 (1.17 to 1.27)
|
335.1
|
0.09
|
−9.6 (−32.0 to 12.9)
|
0.33
|
0.97 (0.91 to 1.04)
|
- Note: *For liver cancer only incidence data were available due to small numbers in mortality data. ^Incidence is first cancer incidence in the follow-up period, mortality is any cancer mortality in the follow-up period. All rates, rate differences and rate ratios are age-standardised using the WHO World Standard Population. Cancers were selected for inclusion if they had a significant incidence rate difference in an ethnic comparison in at least four of the six cohort periods