Table 1 Trends in the absolute ethnic inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality in Māori and Pacific males and females compared to European/Other, New Zealand census-linked mortality data 1981–2011

 Lung

1981–84

44.5

.

87.8

.

43.4 (24.4 to 62.4)

.

1.98 (1.58–2.47)

23.5

.

−21.0 (−39.1– −2.9)

.

0.53 (0.25–1.14)

2006–11

20.5

<0.01

71.2

0.07

50.7 (42.6–58.8)

0.87

3.47 (3.06–3.94)

49.9

0.30

29.4 (17.9–40.9)

0.07

2.43 (1.92–3.08)

 Colorectal

1981–84

22.5

.

13.7

.

−8.8 (−15.5– −2.2)

.

0.61 (0.38–0.98)

7.5

.

−15.0 (−25.6– −4.4)

.

0.33 (0.08–1.35)

2006–11

17.4

0.05

20.4

0.15

3.1 (−1.1–7.3)

<0.01

1.18 (0.96–1.45)

9.4

0.68

−7.9 (−11.8– −4.0)

0.10

0.54 (0.36–0.81)

 Prostate

1981–8

9.1

.

8.8

.

−0.3 (−7.6–7.0)

.

0.97 (0.42–2.21)

26.2

.

17.1 (−14.5–48.6)

.

2.87 (0.85–9.63)

2006–11

9.3

0.86

18.5

0.01

9.2 (4.8–13.7)

<0.01

1.99 (1.55–2.56)

10.0

0.23

0.7 (−4.7–6.1)

0.32

1.07 (0.62–1.85)

 Stomach

1981–84

8.7

.

24.3

.

15.6 (6.2–25.0)

.

2.80 (1.87–4.20)

35.2

.

26.6 (−1.5–54.6)

.

4.07 (1.82–9.10)

2006–11

3.8

<0.01

13.2

0.15

9.4 (6.1–12.7)

0.57

3.47 (2.62–4.59)

9.7

0.04

5.8 (1.1–10.6)

0.07

2.53 (1.53–4.18)

 Melanoma

1981–84

5.6

.

0.8

.

−4.8 (−6.6– −3.1)

.

0.14 (0.02–0.97)

.

.

.

.

.

2006–11

7.1

.

1.9

.

−5.1 (−6.6– −3.6)

.

0.28 (0.14–0.54)

1.6

.

−5.5 (−7.2– −3.7)

.

0.23 (0.08–0.61)

 All cancers

1981–84

147.2

.

219.7

.

72.5 (43.5–101.4)

.

1.49 (1.31–1.71)

173.3

.

26.1 (−31.0–83.1)

.

1.18 (0.85–1.64)

2006–11

112.2

<0.01

214.3

0.66

102.0 (88.1–116.0)

0.17

1.91 (1.78–2.04)

148.4

0.20

36.2 (17.5–54.9)

0.94

1.32 (1.17–1.50)

 Lung

1981–86

50.9

.

91.2

.

40.3 (26.7 to 54.0)

.

1.79 (1.54 to 2.09)

56.5

.

5.7 (−26.1 to 37.4)

.

1.11 (0.63 to 1.95)

2006–11

25.6

<0.01

78.9

0.08

53.3 (44.8 to 61.8)

0.69

3.08 (2.74 to 3.47)

49.3

0.15

23.7 (12.3 to 35.2)

0.70

1.93 (1.52 to 2.44)

 Colorectal

1981–86

48.8

.

24.5

.

−24.3 (−32.1 to −16.4)

.

0.50 (0.37 to 0.69)

22.3

.

−26.5 (−40.1 to −12.9)

.

0.46 (0.25 to 0.84)

2006–11

47.4

0.76

42.9

<0.01

−4.5 (−10.7 to 1.8)

<0.01

0.91 (0.78 to 1.05)

29.8

0.94

−17.6 (−26.0 to −9.3)

0.89

0.63 (0.48 to 0.83)

 Prostate

1981–86

27.7

.

32.7

.

5.0 (−5.5 to 15.5)

.

1.18 (0.86 to 1.63)

20.7

.

−7.0 (−30.0 to 16.0)

.

0.75 (0.25 to 2.27)

2006–11

110.1

<0.01

101.0

<0.01

−9.1 (−18.8 to 0.6)

0.11

0.92 (0.83 to 1.01)

88.2

0.01

−21.9 (−36.6 to −7.2)

0.07

0.80 (0.68 to 0.95)

 Stomach

1981–86

11.5

.

18.9

.

7.4 (1.8 to 13.1)

.

1.65 (1.21 to 2.24)

50.1

.

38.6 (8.6 to 68.6)

.

4.37 (2.38 to 8.00)

2006–11

5.5

<0.01

18.7

0.44

13.2 (9.2 to 17.2)

0.53

3.42 (2.69 to 4.34)

15.0

0.13

9.6 (4.2 to 14.9)

0.31

2.75 (1.89 to 3.99)

 Melanoma

1981–86

21.1

.

6.4

.

−14.7 (−18.0 to −11.5)

.

0.30 (0.19 to 0.48)

3.6

.

−17.5 (−21.8 to −13.2)

.

0.17 (0.06 to 0.53)

2006–11

53.3

<0.01

8.0

0.11

−45.3 (−48.3 to −42.2)

<0.01

0.15 (0.11 to 0.20)

3.2

0.78

−50.1 (−53.0 to −47.2)

<0.01

0.06 (0.03 to 0.12)

 Liver*

1981–86

1.5

.

8.7

.

7.3 (3.8 to 10.8)

.

5.95 (3.73 to 9.51)

16.3

.

14.8 (7.1 to 22.6)

.

11.12 (6.51 to 19.0)

2006–11

3.8

0.01

16.5

0.02

12.8 (9.4 to 16.1)

0.04

4.39 (3.46 to 5.58)

19.3

0.82

15.5 (8.9 to 22.1)

0.64

5.12 (3.55 to 7.38)

 First cancers^

1981–86

271.2

.

309.0

.

37.8 (12.2 to 63.3)

.

1.14 (1.05 to 1.24)

324.8

.

53.6 (−12.7 to 119.9)

.

1.20 (0.98 to 1.47)

2006–11

401.8

<0.01

427.1

<0.01

25.3 (5.6 to 45.0)

0.24

1.06 (1.01 to 1.11)

324.2

0.47

−77.6 (−105 to −50.1)

0.02

0.81 (0.74 to 0.88)

Cancer

Cohort

Rate

Linear trend p-value

Rate

Linear trend p-value

Rate difference (CI)

Linear trend p-value

Rate ratio (CI)

Rate

Linear trend p-value

Rate difference (CI)

Linear trend p-value

Rate ratio (CI)

 Lung

1981–84

12.1

.

55.7

.

43.7 (29.0–58.3)

.

4.62 (3.49–6.12)

6.1

.

−5.9 (−13.1–1.2)

.

0.51 (0.16–1.62)

2006–11

16.1

.

64.6

.

48.5 (41.8–55.2)

.

4.01 (3.56–4.52)

20.4

.

4.3 (−1.5–10.0)

.

1.26 (0.95–1.68)

 Colorectal

1981–84

19.3

.

6.7

.

−12.6 (−17.4– −7.8)

.

0.35 (0.18–0.68)

3.5

.

−15.8 (−21.4– −10.2)

.

0.18 (0.04–0.85)

2006–11

13.6

.

11.4

.

−2.2 (−5.4–1.0)

.

0.84 (0.64–1.11)

10.0

.

−3.6 (−7.7–0.5)

.

0.74 (0.49–1.11)

 Breast

1981–84

25.6

.

31.3

.

5.7 (−4.0–15.3)

.

1.22 (0.89–1.67)

18.7

.

−6.9 (−21.4–7.5)

.

0.73 (0.34–1.57)

2006–11

18.2

<0.01

37.8

<0.01

19.6 (14.5–24.6)

<0.01

2.07 (1.80–2.39)

27.9

0.53

9.7 (3.3–16.1)

0.13

1.53 (1.21–1.94)

 Stomach

1981–84

3.5

.

13.3

.

9.8 (3.8–15.9)

.

3.80 (2.33–6.18)

10.7

.

7.2 (−5.3–19.7)

.

3.05 (0.94–9.89)

2006–11

1.6

.

9.4

.

7.8 (5.4–10.3)

.

5.88 (4.26–8.13)

10.1

.

8.5 (4.3–12.6)

.

6.30 (4.00–9.92)

 Melanoma

1981–84

3.5

.

0.4

.

−3.1 (−4.2– −2.0)

.

0.12 (0.02–0.86)

1.6

.

−1.9 (−5.2–1.4)

.

0.46 (0.06–3.31)

2006–11

3.6

.

0.9

.

−2.7 (−3.5– −1.9)

.

0.25 (0.12–0.51)

0.7

.

−2.9 (−4.0– −1.9)

.

0.19 (0.05–0.76)

All cancers^

1981–84

110.6

.

182.8

.

72.2 (47.5–97.0)

.

1.65 (1.44–1.90)

100.8

.

−9.8 (−46.3–26.8)

.

0.91 (0.63–1.31)

2006–11

92.6

<0.01

202.0

0.09

109.4 (97.4–121.4)

0.01

2.18 (2.05–2.32)

134.8

0.08

42.2 (27.4–57.0)

0.03

1.46 (1.30–1.63)

 Lung

1981–86

14.9

.

45.7

.

30.9 (21.4 to 40.3)

.

3.08 (2.48 to 3.82)

9.1

.

−5.7 (−12.0 to 0.5)

.

0.61 (0.31 to 1.21)

2006–11

21.0

0.02

74.3

0.07

53.3 (46.1 to 60.5)

0.09

3.53 (3.17 to 3.94)

23.4

0.03

2.4 (−3.9 to 8.6)

0.07

1.11 (0.85 to 1.46)

 Colorectal

1981–86

43.1

.

18.5

.

−24.6 (−30.0 to −19.2)

.

0.43 (0.33 to 0.57)

24.5

.

−18.5 (−33.0 to −4.0)

.

0.57 (0.32 to 1.03)

2006–11

37.8

0.21

24.6

0.05

−13.2 (−17.5 to −8.8)

<0.01

0.65 (0.55 to 0.77)

20.5

0.75

−17.3 (−23.1 to −11.4)

0.21

0.54 (0.41 to 0.72)

 Breast

1981–86

69.4

.

69.1

.

−0.3 (−10.7 to 10.1)

.

1.00 (0.86 to 1.16)

67.5

.

−1.9 (−22.4 to 18.5)

.

0.97 (0.72 to 1.32)

2006–11

95.8

0.03

140.1

<0.01

44.3 (35.2 to 53.4)

<0.01

1.46 (1.37 to 1.57)

116.0

0.05

20.2 (7.6 to 32.8)

0.40

1.21 (1.09 to 1.35)

 Stomach

1981–86

4.9

.

14.7

.

9.8 (5.0 to 14.6)

.

2.98 (2.10 to 4.22)

15.9

.

11.0 (−1.3 to 23.3)

.

3.23 (1.47 to 7.07)

2006–11

2.3

<0.01

13.6

0.96

11.3 (8.4 to 14.2)

0.32

5.84 (4.47 to 7.64)

8.7

0.14

6.4 (2.6 to 10.2)

0.34

3.73 (2.35 to 5.93)

 Melanoma

1981–86

29.2

.

6.2

.

−23.0 (−26.2 to −19.8)

.

0.21 (0.14 to 0.33)

4.1

.

−25.2 (−30.0 to −20.3)

.

0.14 (0.05 to 0.43)

2006–11

48.8

<0.01

7.7

0.23

−41.1 (−43.8 to −38.4)

<0.01

0.16 (0.12 to 0.20)

2.5

0.54

−46.4 (−48.9 to −43.9)

<0.01

0.05 (0.03 to 0.10)

 Liver*

1981–86

0.9

.

6.8

.

5.8 (1.1 to 10.5)

.

7.23 (3.38 to 15.5)

4.6

.

3.7 (−1.5 to 8.9)

.

4.93 (1.53 to 15.9)

2006–11

1.5

.

4.6

.

3.1 (1.5 to 4.8)

.

3.14 (2.08 to 4.74)

3.8

.

2.4 (−0.2 to 4.9)

.

2.62 (1.32 to 5.22)

 Cervix*

1981–86

11.9

.

39.8

.

27.9 (19.6 to 36.2)

.

3.35 (2.67 to 4.19)

25.1

.

13.2 (1.9 to 24.4)

.

2.11 (1.34 to 3.32)

2006–11

5.0

<0.01

14.2

<0.01

9.2 (6.4 to 12.0)

0.03

2.84 (2.25 to 3.59)

9.7

0.08

4.7 (1.3 to 8.1)

0.40

1.95 (1.35 to 2.81)

 Endometrial*

1981–86

11.8

.

18.6

.

6.8 (1.9 to 11.8)

.

1.58 (1.20 to 2.07)

22.9

.

11.1 (−1.7 to 23.9)

.

1.94 (1.10 to 3.41)

2006–11

12.6

0.25

27.5

0.17

14.9 (10.7 to 19.1)

0.20

2.18 (1.85 to 2.57)

49.8

<0.01

37.2 (29.1 to 45.3)

<0.01

3.95 (3.31 to 4.71)

 First cancers^

1981–86

258.0

.

308.0

.

50.0 (27.0 to 73.0)

.

1.19 (1.11 to 1.29)

277.3

.

19.2 (−26.3 to 64.8)

.

1.07 (0.91 to 1.27)

2006–11

344.7

0.01

419.9

<0.01

75.2 (58.5 to 91.9)

0.22

1.22 (1.17 to 1.27)

335.1

0.09

−9.6 (−32.0 to 12.9)

0.33

0.97 (0.91 to 1.04)