Prevalence of persistent pain after breast cancer treatment by detection mode among participants in population-based screening programs

Table 4 Factors associated with persistent pain: univariate and multivariate logistic regression models

	Univariate				Multivariate^a
		95 % CI		P-value		95 % CI		P-value
	OR	Lower	Upper		OR	Lower	Upper
Detection method (n = 1045)
Screening	Ref.				Ref.
Interval	0.6	0.4	0.9	0.017	0.8	0.4	1.4	0.408
Age (n = 1045)
50–54	Ref.				Ref.
55–59	1.1	0.7	1.9	0.618	1.0	0.5	2.0	0.967
60–64	0.9	0.5	1.5	0.632	0.7	0.3	1.6	0.424
65–70	0.7	0.4	1.3	0.282	0.7	0.3	1.7	0.432
Charlson index (n = 1045)
0	Ref.				Ref.
1	2.3	1.5	3.7	<0.001	2.8	1.4	5.4	<0.01
> =2	3.0	1.8	5.2	<0.001	4.5	2.1	9.5	<0.001
Histological type (n = 1038)
In situ	Ref.				Ref.
Ductal	6.4	1.5	26.4	<0.05	0.5	0.1	4.2	0.534
Lobular	7.6	1.7	34.4	<0.01	1.1	0.5	2.7	0.784
Other	4.1	0.8	20.5	0.082	0.6	0.2	2.1	0.422
Phenotype (n = 763)
Luminal A	Ref.				Ref.
Luminal B	0.5	0.3	1.1	0.074	0.6	0.3	1.3	0.219
Her2	0.7	0.3	1.9	0.495	0.8	0.3	2.3	0.713
Triple negative	1.0	0.5	2.2	0.903	1.1	0.5	2.6	0.800
Axillary treatment^b (n = 983)
Only SLNB	Ref.				Ref.
ALND	2.2	1.3	3.7	<0.05	2.0	1.0	4.0	<0.05
Neoadjuvant treatment (n = 1045)
No	Ref.				Ref.
Yes	0.5	0.2	1.1	0.095	0.4	0.1	1.3	0.132
Chemotherapy after surgery (n = 1018)
No	Ref.				Ref.
Yes	1.8	1.2	2.8	<0.01	1.4	0.7	2.5	0.334

^aN = 704 cases were included in the multivariate analysis. The multivariate logistic regression model included the following variables: detection method, age, Charlson index, histological type, phenotype, axillary treatment, neoadjuvant treatment and chemotherapy after surgery
^bSLNB: sentinel lymph node biopsy. In this category only women with SLNB performed were inluded. ALND: axillary lymph node dissection. This category includes women with only ALND performed and women with SLNB and ALND