Pleural fluid osteopontin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels as predictors of pleurodesis outcome and prognosticators in patients with malignant pleural effusion: a prospective cohort study

Table 3 Relationships between pleural fluid OPN, VEGF, uPA, and PAI-1 concentrations in patients with malignant pleural effusion

	All	Male	Female	Female		Lung cancer	Breast cancer	Distant metastasis
	All	Male	Female	Pre-menopausal	Post-menopausal	Lung cancer	Breast cancer	Yes	No
OPN & VEGF
r	0.466	0.750	0.279	−0.105	0.824	0.493	0.709	0.503	0.655
p value	<0.001	0.032	0.005	0.088	0.023	0.010	0.029	0.001	0.462
VEGF & uPA
r	0.244	0.894	0.282	0.717	−0.047	0.360	−0.034	0.344	−0.108
p value	< 0.001	0.006	< 0.001	0.010	0.002	< 0.001	0.005	< 0.001	0.010
OPN & uPA
r	0.068	0.642	0.054	0.074	−0.009	0.081	0.008	0.145	−0.104
p value	< 0.001	0.017	< 0.001	0.011	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.010
uPA & PAI-1
r	−0.682	−0.612	−0.689	−0.808	−0.618	−0.679	−0.717	−0.652	−0.831
p value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

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