Pleural fluid osteopontin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels as predictors of pleurodesis outcome and prognosticators in patients with malignant pleural effusion: a prospective cohort study

Table 2 Pleural fluid OPN, VEGF, uPA, and PAI-1 concentrations in patients with malignant pleural effusion

	OPN (ng/mL)	p value	VEGF(pg/mL)	p value	uPA(ng/mL)	p value	PAI-1(pg/mL)	p value
All	826.85 ± 161.45		3720.72 ± 747.19		52.25 ± 14.60		1228.42 ± 69.74
Sex		0.666		0.649		0.079		0.788
female	784.84 ± 172.59		3515.24 ± 897.44		61.25 ± 19.40		1236.17 ± 87.96
male	945.01 ± 387.95		4298.61 ± 1356.14		25.84 ± 3.53		1203.24 ± 83.89
Female		0.168		0.905		0.549		0.854
Pre-menopausal	1147.57 ± 381.79		3375.61 ± 1146.41		48.21 ± 17.76		1215.35 ± 115.62
Post-menopausal	564.60 ± 144.27		3600.02 ± 1279.00		68.70 ± 28.92		1249.18 ± 125.16
Pathology		0.497		0.938		0.615		0.788
lung cancer	990.10 ± 273.93		3270.75 ± 866.73		47.47 ± 13.33		1243.12 ± 94.15
breast cancer	752.21 ± 213.94		3163.96 ± 1015.91		37.52 ± 12.82		1203.66 ± 102.48
Distant metastasis		0.720		0.004		0.485		0.855
Yes	790.42 ± 186.64		4624.28 ± 990.75		57.50 ± 19.34		1236.77 ± 88.35
No	921.14 ± 128.15		1382.08 ± 458.78		39.27 ± 17.25		1208.38 ± 110.42

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