Fig. 7

Scheme of sE-selectin-mediated shear-resistant adhesion and migration: a The expression of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, ICAM, and VCAM is induced in the luminal surface of inflamed vessel. Margination of leukocytes and CD44^+/high BCs toward the vessel surface is followed by tethering, rolling, and adherence to inflamed vessels. The adhesion of the cells increases the permeability of endothelial junctions facilitating tissue migration of circulating cells. b By contrast, in a non-inflamed vessel, circulating cells remain in circulation and no random adhesion occurs. c Soluble E-selectin is shed from activated endothelium of inflamed tissues and activates both leukocytes and CD44^+/high BCs, which enhances their shear resistant adhesion to non-inflamed vessels and migration in the absence of E-selectin but via interaction with ICAM at low shear stress. Excessive infiltration of CD4⁺ T-lymphocytes into the tumor leads to development of pro-tumorigenic stroma. Infiltration of CD44^+/high BCs into distant organ increases the risk of colonization by metastatic cells