Fig. 4

Alteration of CXCL12 mRNA levels in fibroblasts (FB) resulting from co-culture with MIA PaCa-2 cells. FB were co-cultured for 24 h with GEM-R or GEM-S MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with or without GEM using a double-chamber method. a The mRNA levels of CXCL12 in FB were measured using RT-PCR (normalized to GAPDH expression). Furthermore, after FB were co-cultured with PaCa cells for 72 h, the supernatants were collected from FB. b The concentrations of CXCL12 protein from FB were measured using an ELISA kit. Values are expressed as means ± SD. Multiple comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test. **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05