Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

• Primary rectal cancer (ymrT4bNxM0) or Local rectal recurrence cancer without distant metastases after partial or total mesorectal excision

• Patient’s health condition which enable surgical

• procedure and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

• Age ≥18 years old

• Oral agreement after reading information letter

• Patient who benefits by medicare system

• Primary rectal cancer status lower than ymrT4b

• Primary rectal cancer or Local recurrence rectal cancer with distant metastases

• Patient’s health condition which don’t enable surgical procedure and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

• Pregnancy or breast feeding period

• Patient into the care of a guardian

• Patient under the protection of the Court

• Inability to give oral agreement due to bad comprehension capacity

• Inability to be followed by medical team for geographic, social or psychologic reasons