Fig. 3
Changes in expression of each marker in cancer cells by treatment. In cancer cells, the autophagy-associated markers, beclin 1 and LC3, increased (p = 0.016 and < 0.0001, respectively), whereas M30 decreased (p = 0.008) and TUNEL remained unchanged. A decrease in tumor size was also shown (p < 0.0001). The y-axis for the markers indicates a positive rate of each marker, which was assessed as positive cells per total cells. Data are shown in box-whisker with dot plots. Horizontal bars in the box-and-whisker plots indicate min–max and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quartiles