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Table 2 Subgroup analysis of pancreatic cancer foralcohol intake versus the lowest intake

From: Association between alcohol intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Subroup

Light alcohol intake

Moderate alcohol intake

Heavy alcohol intake

Total alcohol intake

Country

Men

US

0.92 (0.69–1.21)

0.92 (0.77–1.11)

1.22 (0.95–1.56)

1.02 (0.83–1.25)

Europe

1.09 (0.88–1.36)

0.95 (0.62–1.46)

1.21 (0.84–1.76)

1.08 (0.90–1.30)

Other

0.64 (0.25–1.64)

1.06 (0.64–1.76)

0.89 (0.61–1.30)

0.91 (0.68–1.22)

Women

US

1.00 (0.87–1.14)

1.04 (0.79–1.35)

1.27 (0.98–1.65)

1.05 (0.94–1.16)

Europe

0.91 (0.50–1.64)

0.93 (0.75–1.15)

1.17 (0.70–1.97)

1.00 (0.82–1.23)

Other

0.83 (0.60–1.13)

0.88 (0.56–1.38)

1.23 (0.66–2.29)

0.89 (0.70–1.13)

Total cohort

US

0.97 (0.88–1.08)

1.00 (0.93–1.08)

1.22 (1.14–1.30)*

1.06 (0.98–1.14)

Europe

0.99 (0.85–1.15)

0.89 (0.80–1.00)

1.08 (0.91–1.27)

0.99 (0.90–1.10)

Other

0.81 (0.60–1.09)

0.95 (0.67–1.34)

0.97 (0.70–1.34)

0.90 (0.75–1.08)

Duration of follow-up (years)

Men

10 or more

1.01 (0.87–1.17)

0.89 (0.67–1.19)

1.07 (0.80–1.42)

1.00 (0.83–1.20)

<10

0.92 (0.56–1.51)

0.96 (0.79–1.17)

1.30 (1.11–1.52)*

1.06 (0.89–1.27)

Women

10 or more

0.96 (0.83–1.11)

0.93 (0.67–1.29)

1.40 (1.01–1.94)*

1.01 (0.89–1.14)

<10

0.98 (0.82–1.18)

1.01 (0.81–1.27)

1.04 (0.93–1.16)

0.99 (0.92–1.06)

Total cohort

10 or more

0.99 (0.89–1.09)

0.99 (0.91–1.08)

1.20 (1.07–1.34)*

1.02 (0.92–1.12)

<10

0.93 (0.81–1.06)

0.93 (0.85–1.03)

1.12 (0.99–1.26)

1.01 (0.93–1.10)

Adjusted smoking status

Men

Yes

0.98 (0.81–1.18)

0.94 (0.80–1.11)

1.19 (1.00–1.42)

1.04 (0.90–1.19)

No

1.02 (0.73–1.43)

0.82 (0.49–1.37)

0.99 (0.59–1.67)

0.96 (0.75–1.23)

Women

Yes

0.97 (0.87–1.09)

0.93 (0.83–1.04)

1.07 (0.96–1.19)

0.99 (0.93–1.06)

No

-

-

-

-

Total cohort

Yes

0.96 (0.89–1.05)

0.98 (0.92–1.04)

1.16 (1.06–1.26)*

1.02 (0.95–1.08)

No

1.02 (0.73–1.43)

0.82 (0.49–1.37)

0.99 (0.59–1.67)

0.96 (0.75–1.23)

Adjusted BMI

Men

Yes

0.98 (0.81–1.18)

0.93 (0.79–1.10)

1.19 (0.98–1.46)

1.03 (0.88–1.20)

No

1.02 (0.73–1.43)

0.96 (0.66–1.40)

1.01 (0.70–1.47)

1.00 (0.81–1.23)

Women

Yes

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

0.90 (0.80–1.01)

1.07 (0.96–1.19)

0.97 (0.91–1.04)

No

1.18 (0.88–1.59)

1.42 (0.74–2.73)

1.20 (0.54–2.68)

1.25 (0.99–1.58)

Total cohort

Yes

0.96 (0.87–1.05)

0.98 (0.93–1.04)

1.17 (1.06–1.30)*

1.02 (0.95–1.09)

No

1.00 (0.83–1.21)

1.02 (0.80–1.31)

1.00 (0.77–1.28)

1.01 (0.87–1.17)

Adjusted DM

Men

Yes

0.93 (0.74–1.16)

0.92 (0.77–1.10)

1.15 (0.91–1.45)

0.99 (0.83–1.18)

No

1.08 (0.85–1.37)

1.00 (0.68–1.49)

1.11 (0.83–1.53)

1.06 (0.90–1.26)

Women

Yes

0.91 (0.80–1.04)

0.93 (0.74–1.17)

1.27 (0.99–1.64)

0.97 (0.87–1.07)

No

1.18 (0.94–1.49)

1.13 (0.78–1.65)

1.03 (0.92–1.16)

1.11 (0.91–1.34)

Total cohort

Yes

0.91 (0.83–1.01)

1.00 (0.94–1.06)

1.20 (1.12–1.28)*

0.99 (0.91–1.07)

No

1.11 (0.95–1.30)

1.02 (0.83–1.25)

1.05 (0.94–1.17)

1.06 (0.95–1.18)

Adjusted EI

Men

Yes

0.89 (0.72–1.10)

0.87 (0.73–1.04)

1.21 (0.96–1.52)

0.98 (0.81–1.18)

No

1.12 (0.92–1.36)

1.10 (0.82–1.48)

1.08 (0.84–1.40)

1.10 (0.94–1.29)

Women

Yes

0.97 (0.84–1.11)

0.94 (0.75–1.18)

1.36 (1.05–1.75)*

1.02 (0.92–1.13)

No

0.97 (0.74–1.27)

1.11 (0.77–1.60)

1.02 (0.91–1.14)

1.00 (0.87–1.15)

Total cohort

Yes

0.94 (0.84–1.04)

0.89 (0.78–1.03)

1.30 (1.14–1.47)*

1.00 (0.92–1.10)

No

1.00 (0.89–1.14)

0.99 (0.87–1.13)

1.09 (0.99–1.21)

1.03 (0.94–1.13)

Study quality

Men

8 or 9

0.97 (0.82–1.14)

0.90 (0.72–1.13)

1.09 (0.87–1.37)

0.98 (0.83–1.16)

<8

1.20 (0.72–1.99)

0.96 (0.78–1.18)

1.22 (0.94–1.58)

1.17 (1.04–1.32)*

Women

8 or 9

0.96 (0.82–1.13)

0.99 (0.71–1.39)

1.48 (1.02–2.13)

1.01 (0.89–1.15)

<8

0.98 (0.82–1.18)

0.98 (0.80–1.20)

1.04 (0.93–1.16)

0.99 (0.92–1.06)

Total cohort

8 or 9

0.95 (0.87–1.05)

1.00 (0.94–1.06)

1.18 (1.06–1.31)*

0.99 (0.90–1.09)

<8

1.01 (0.85–1.19)

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

1.14 (0.99–1.30)

1.04 (0.96–1.13)

  1. *BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, EI energy intake