Table 1 Baseline characteristic of studies included
Study | Country | Sex | Study design | Sample size | Cases | Age at baseline | Effect estimate | Follow-up (year) | Covariates in fully adjusted model | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JACC [10] | Japan | Men | Cohort | 46,465 | 94 | 40–79 | RR | 8.1 | Age andsmoking status | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 64,327 | 97 | 40–79 | RR | 8.1 | ||||
KIRS and MIHDPs [13] | Lithuania | Men | Cohort | 7,132 | 77 | 45–59 | HR | 30.0 | Age, smoking status, education, BMI. | 8 |
LWLH [32] | US | Both | Cohort | 13,979 | 65 | 75.0 | RR | 9.0 | Sex, age andsmoking status | 6 |
ATBC [33] | Finland | Men | Cohort | 27,101 | 157 | 50–69 | HR | 13.0 | Age and intervention | 9 |
NLCS [34] | Netherland | Men | Cohort | 58,279 | 144 | 55–69 | HR | 13.3 | Age, sex, smoking status, EI, BMI, vegetable intake, and fruit intake | 9 |
Women | Cohort | 62,573 | 115 | 55–69 | HR | 13.3 | ||||
NIH-AARP [35] | US | Men | Cohort | 280,084 | 748 | 50–71 | RR | 7.3 | Sex, smoking status, EI, energy-adjusted saturated fat, red meat, and total folate intake, BMI, PA, and DM | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 190,597 | 401 | 50–71 | RR | 7.3 | ||||
IWHS [36] | US | Women | Cohort | 33,976 | 66 | 55–69 | RR | 8.0 | Age, smoking status | 6 |
HPFS [11] | US | Men | Cohort | 51,529 | 130 | 40–75 | RR | 12.0 | Age, smoking status, BMI, history of DM, history of cholecysectomy, and EI | 8 |
NHS [11] | US | Women | Cohort | 121,700 | 158 | 30–55 | RR | 16.0 | Age, smoking status, BMI, history of DM, history of cholecysectomy, and EI | 8 |
CPS II [16] | US | Men | Cohort | 453,770 | 3443 | >30 | RR | 24.0 | Age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, BMI, FHPC, and history of gallstones, DM, or smoking status | 9 |
Women | Cohort | 576,697 | 3404 | >30 | RR | 24.0 | ||||
TGP [15] | Japan | Men | Cohort | 14,241 | 33 | >35 | HR | 7.0 | Age, smoking, BMI, history of DM | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 16,585 | 18 | >35 | HR | 7.0 | ||||
EPIC [9] | Europe | Both | Cohort | 478,400 | 555 | 52.2 | RR | 8.9 | Age, sex, centre, smoking status, height and weight, and history of DM | 8 |
MWS [37] | UK | Women | Cohort | 1,290,000 | 1338 | 55.9 | RR | 7.2 | Age, region, socioeconomic status, smoking status, BMI and height | 7 |
NYSC [38] | US | Men | Cohort | 30,363 | 90 | >15 | RR | 7.0 | Smoking status, DM, BMI, and EI | 8 |
Women | Cohort | 22,550 | 48 | >15 | RR | 7.0 | ||||
BCDDP [39] | US | Women | Cohort | 43,162 | 102 | 40–93 | RR | 11.0 | Smoking status, DM, BMI, and EI | 8 |
CTS [40] | US | Women | Cohort | 100,030 | 116 | >22 | RR | 8.1 | Smoking status, DM, BMI, and EI | 6 |
CNBSS [41] | Canada | Women | Cohort | 49,654 | 105 | 40–59 | RR | 16.5 | Smoking status, DM, BMI, and EI | 7 |
PLCO [42] | US | Men | Cohort | 29,914 | 90 | 55–74 | RR | 6.0 | Smoking status, DM, BMI, and EI | 6 |
Women | Cohort | 28,315 | 60 | 55–74 | RR | 6.0 | ||||
SMC [43] | Swedish | Women | Cohort | 36,630 | 54 | 49–83 | RR | 6.8 | Smoking status, DM, BMI, and EI | 8 |
COSM [43] | Swedish | Men | Cohort | 45,338 | 75 | 45–79 | RR | 6.8 | Smoking status, DM, BMI, and EI | 8 |
MCCS [14] | Australia | Men | Cohort | 14,908 | 28 | 40–69 | RR | 15.0 | Smoking status, DM, BMI, and EI | 9 |
Women | Cohort | 22,830 | 35 | 40–69 | RR | 15.0 |