Fig. 4

Ethanol elevates tumorigenic markers and nuclear localization of HIF1α in colonic crypts during AOM/DSS-induced tumorigenesis: AOM/DSS-induced colonic tumorigenesis was induced with or without 4 % ethanol feeding as described in Methods section. a & b Colonic mucosal extracts were immunoblotted for pSmad and VEGF (a), and the band density evaluated using Image J software (b). Values are mean ± SE (n = 3). Asterisks indicate the values that are significantly different (p < 0.05) from corresponding values for AOM/DSS group. c Cryosections of colon were stained for HIF1α (red) and nucleus (blue). Sections of the images from Fig. 2c are enlarged to show the detailed localization of HIF1α in the nucleus. While arrows indicate nuclear co-localization of HIF1α