Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of lymph node metastasis risk factors of early gastric cancer

Gender

 Male vs. Female

1.038 (0.578–1.865)

0.901

Age (years)

 <50 vs. ≥50

0.514 (0.286–0.926)

0.027

0.444 (0.215–0.916)

0.028

Location

 Upper 1/3

1.000

0.190

 Middle 1/3

0.438 (0.168–1.143)

0.092

 Lower 1/3

0.720 (0.367–1.415)

0.341

Macroscopic type

 I + II vs. III/Mixed

3.165 (1.758–5.696)

<0.001

Size (cm)

 <2.0 vs. ≥2.0

2.298 (1.285–4.109)

0.005

 <1.5 vs. ≥1.5

4.402 (1.960–9.885)

<0.001

Histology

 Adenocarcinoma vs. Other types^a

2.408 (1.385–4.185)

0.002

Differentiation

 Differentiated vs. Undifferentiated

4.000 (1.982–8.072)

<0.001

3.724 (1.637–8.470)

0.002

Ulcer

 Absent vs. Present

3.206 (1.772–5.803)

<0.001

2.710 (1.310–5.606)

0.007

Lymphovascular invasion

 Absent vs. Present

20.192 (10.675–38.191)

<0.001

13.703 (6.515–28.822)

<0.001

Depth of invasion

 Mucosa vs. Submucosa

7.290 (3.610–14.721)

<0.001

3.013 (1.369–6.631)

0.006