Fig. 1

Brain and metastatic lung tumor formation in an orthotopic xenograft animal model using patient-derived GBM cells. a Pathologic validation of brain and metastatic lung tumors in various orthotopic xenograft animal models (n = 5 for each group). Tumor cells were transplanted into the mouse brain parenchyma. Immunohistochemistry against a cell proliferation marker (Ki-67) was performed. b Metastatic lung tumor formation rate was compared between BALB/c-nude and NSG recipient mouse strains