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Table 5 Correlates of lifestyle behaviors

From: Prevalence and correlates of healthy lifestyle behaviors among early cancer survivors

 

Lifestyle behavior

Number of alcohol consumption

Number of vegetable consumption

Number of fruit consumption

Amount of physical activity

Nonsmoking

(N = 223)

(N = 225)

(N = 228)

(N = 225)

(N = 141)a

Variable

B

(95 % CI)

p

B

(95 % CI)

p

B

(95 % CI)

p

B

(95 % CI)

p

ExpB

(95 % CI)

P c

Age

. 037

(-.15; .23)

.698

−1.307

(-2.70; .09)

.067

.007

(-.01; .02)

.367

−13.723

(-25.94; -1.51)

.028*

.936

(.86; 1.02)

.127

Female gender

−5.805

(-11.13; -4.77)

.033*

7.579

(-32.98; 48.14)

.713

.211

(-.20; .63)

.315

−11.993

(-361.07; 337.08)

.946

.394

(.04; 4.45)

.399

Marital status

               

 Without partner

ref

  

ref

  

ref

  

ref

     

 With partner

−4.986

(-10.75; .73)

.089

24.032

(-17.65; 65.72)

.257

.174

(-.25; .60)

.421

−122.543

(-478.92; 233.83)

.498

   

Education

               

 Low

ref

  

ref

  

ref

  

ref

  

ref

 

.198

 Medium

−1.165

(-5.60; 3.72)

.605

14.521

(-17.78; 64.82)

.376

-.019

(-.35; .31)

.907

−176.621

(-451.64; 98.40)

.207

2.664

(.52; 13.75)

.242

 High

−2.370

(-6.64; 1.90)

.274

18.004

(-1.71; 49.72)

.264

.075

(-.25; .40)

.644

−215.435

(-474.80; 43.93)

.103

5.451

(.72; 41.44)

.101

Income

               

 Above average

ref

ref

ref

ref

 Average

−2.646

(-6.42; 1.13)

.168

−19.041

(-47.66; 9.58)

.191

-.118

(-.41; .17)

.423

71.279

(-169.63; 312.19)

.560

   

 Below average

−4.183

(-9.78; 1.41)

.142

−6.040

(-47.44; 35.36)

.774

.022

(-.40; .45)

.917

−77.931

(-431.78; 275.19)

.654

   

Cancer type

               

 Other

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

.096

 Breast

−1.244

(-7.97; 5.48)

.716

−1.055

(-51.79; 49.68)

.967

-.046

(-.56; .47)

.862

137.614

(-291.14; 566.37)

.527

.489

(.02; 12.11)

.662

 Colon

−1.859

(-8.18; 4.46)

.562

5.333

(-42.80; 53.47)

.827

.002

(-.49; .49)

.995

15.656

(-390.56; 421.88)

.939

.045

(.00; 1.04)

.053

Treatment

               

 Allb

ref

  

ref

  

ref

  

ref

  

ref

 

.554

 Surgery alone

1.914

(-4.18; 8.01)

.536

−6.261

(-51.72; 39.20)

.786

-.077

(-.54; .39)

.745

−67.186

(-443.93; 309.56)

.725

.483

(.04; 5.73)

.565

 Surgery, chemo

.991

(-3.40; 5.38)

.657

-.259

(-33.72; 33.20)

.988

−0.52

(-.39; .29)

.764

56.566

(-223.74; 3236.87)

.691

3.975

(.38; 41.21)

.247

 Surgery, radiation

.228

(-4.88; 5.34)

.930

−15.436

(-52.36; 21.49)

.411

.031

(-.35; .21)

.872

−43.457

(-358.83; 271.92)

.786

.471

(.06; 3.68)

.473

 Other

-.041

(-7.96; 7.88)

.992

-.947

(-60.33; 58.44)

.975

-.144

(-.74; .45)

.633

−70.914

(-559.88; 418.05)

.775

1.275

(.04; 43.16)

.893

Aftercare

               

 No

ref

  

ref

  

ref

  

ref

     

 Yes

1.914

(-5.00; 2.39)

.487

−15.766

(-43.27; 11.74)

.260

-.070

(-.35; .21)

.622

−60.426

(-291.29; 170.44)

.606

   

Time after treatment

.991

(-.236; .026)

.117

1.053

(.09; 2.02)

.032*

.003

(-.01; .01)

.500

.787

(-7.26; 8.83)

.874

   

BMI

-.257

(-.654; .14)

.203

1.654

(-1.32; 4.63)

.274

-.013

(-.04; .02)

.376

−7.844

(-33.21; 17.53)

.453

   

Glob. Health/ QoL

.044

(-.10; .12)

.543

-.412

(-1.48; .67)

.451

-.002

(-.01; .01)

.732

.246

(-8.74; 9.23)

.957

.926

(.86; 1.00)

.052

Physical funct.

.008

(-.17; .18)

.929

-.676

(-1.99; .46)

.313

-.007

(-.02; .01)

.314

5.129

(-6.24; 16.50)

.374

   

Role funct.

–.076

(-.20; .05)

.199

.521

(-.38; 1.42)

.254

.006

(-.00; .02)

.164

4.379

(–3.05; 11.81)

.246

   

Emotional funct.

–.078

(–.20: .05)

.226

.263

(–.71; 1.24)

.593

.003

(–.01; .01)

.554

7.327

(–.94; 15.59)

.082

   

Cognitive funct.

–.013

(–.12; .09)

.796

–.079

(–.86; .70)

.840

–.002

(–.01; .01)

.600

.192

(–7.84; 6.51)

.953

.957

(.92; 1.00)

.055

Social funct.

.070

(–.05; .19)

.234

–.466

(–1.32; .39)

.285

–.003

(–.01; .01)

.488

–.661

(–7.84; 6.51)

.856

1.046

(1.00; 1.09)

.038*

Body Image

.016

(–.07; .10)

.703

.010

(–.65; .66)

.977

.000

(–.01; .01)

.935

1.977

(–3.43; 7.38)

.471

   

Fatigue

.046

(–.07; .16)

.436

.269

(–.63; 1.16)

.554

.001

(–.01; .01)

.744

7.732

(.30; 12.15)

.041*

   

Nausea,vomiting

–.043

(–.23; .15)

.651

–.071

(–1.56; 1.42)

.925

.000

(–.02; .01)

.957

−2.743

(–14.78; 9.29)

.654

.945

(.89; 1.01)

.081

Pain

–.034

(–.13; .06)

.472

.169

(–.56; .90)

.650

.001

(–.01; .01)

.784

6.229

(.31; 15.16)

.039*

   

Dyspnea

–.025

(–.11; .06)

.553

–.428

(–1.07;.21)

.188

–.004

(–.01; .00)

.277

.010

(–5.19; 5.21)

.997

   

Insomnia

–.062

(–.13; .00)

.058

.214

(–.27; .70)

.382

.000

(–.00; .01)

.866

.850

(–3.13; 4.83)

.674

.977

(.95; 1.01)

.108

Appetite loss

.033

(–.08; .15)

.576

–.168

(–1.05; .72)

.708

.001

(–.01; .01)

.805

4.505

(–2.91; 11.91)

.223

   

Constipation

–.036

(–.12; .03)

.452

–.374

(–1.10; .35)

.310

–.005

(–.01; .00)

.186

−5.298

(–11.12; .53)

.074

   

Diarrhea

.030

(–.13; .06)

.503

.111

(–.59; .81)

.754

.003

(–.01; .01)

.383

.151

(–5.57; 5.87)

.959

   

Financial probl.

.001

(–.09; .09)

.987

–.339

(–.99; .31)

.302

–.001

(–.01; .01)

.827

.024

(–5.44; 5.49)

.993

.977

(.95; 1.01)

.157

Anxiety

–.080

(–.78; .62)

.820

–.084

(–5.43; 5.26)

.975

–.008

(–.06; .05)

.760

41.203

(–3.24; 85.65)

.069

.682

(.50; .93)

.015*

Depression

.170

(–.60; .94)

.662

–.204

(–6.03; 5.62)

.945

–.027

(–.09; .03)

.365

−33.248

(–80.72; 14.22)

.169

1.187

(.89; 1,58)

.236

Pos. adjustment

–.057

(–.32; .20)

.667

2.297

(.34; 4.26)

.022*

.013

(–.02; .03)

.198

12.872

(–3.001; 28.75)

.111

   

Neg. adjustment

–.149

(–.48; .18)

.373

−1.992

(–4.40; .42)

.105

.005

(–.02; .03)

.714

6.782

(–13.48; 27.04)

.510

   

Illness perception

–.034

(–.24; .17)

.738

.782

(–.71; 2.28)

.303

.010

(–.01; .03)

.189

−4.296

(–16.86; 8.27)

.501

   

PPO

1.324

(–1.05; 3.70)

.273

−4.790

(–22.60; 13.02)

.596

–.001

(–.18; .18)

.991

−78.106

(–225.46; 69.24)

.297

   

NPO

.457

(–1.75; 2.66)

.684

2.240

(–14.26; 18.74)

.789

–.078

(–.25; .09)

.360

−82.287

(–222.29; 57.73)

.248

   

Attitude

1.522

(–.32; 3.36)

.105

17.076

(–1.98; 36.13)

.079

–.016

(–.21; .18)

.872

192.876

(–19.74; 405.49)

.075

5.707

(1.83; 17.7)

.003**

Social support

–.004

(–.01; .00)

.290

–.012

(–.19; .17)

.894

0.00

(–.00; .00)

.710

–.111

(–1.62; 1.40)

.884

   

Self–efficacy

−1.532

(–2.81; –.25)

.019*

11.342

(–3.70; 26.36)

.138

.070

(–.09; .23)

.378

181.637

(54.71; 308.56)

.005*

2.583

(1.42; 4.69)

.002**

Intention

.479

(–1.02; 1.98)

.530

36.980

(23.16; 50.81)

.000**

.597

(.48; .72)

.000**

137.551

(–23.15; 298.25)

.093

.583

(.58; 1.56)

.852

Constant B (SE)

35.146 (20.40)

−105.53 (151.51)

−1.63 (1.54)

−2456.07 (1356.25)

2.96 (5.07)

R2

.297

.415

.514

.312

 

Sig. F Change

.530

.000

.000

.093

 

Cox & Snell R2

    

.518

Nagelkerke R2

.725

Model X2

102.87

p

.000

  1. Note: From Sequential Multiple Regression (continuous outcomes) and Sequential Logistic Regression (smoking) entry step 4 is displayed. Forced entry (enter) method was used; Abbreviations: ExpB: odds ratio; ref: reference group; BMI: Body Mass Index; EORTC: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer; QoL: Quality of Life; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; neg./pos. adjustment from MAC: Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale; IPQ: Illness Perception Questionnaire; SPSIR–R:S Short Social Problem Solving Inventory–Revised; Chemo: chemotherapy; PPO: positive problem orientation; NPO: negative problem orientation
  2. aDependent variable encoding: if participant is former smoker 1; if participant is current smoker 0; never–smokers were excluded
  3. ball = surgery + chemotherapy + radiation
  4. cp–value of Wald test is presented
  5. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01