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Table 1 Characteristics among 8745 adults aged 40 years and over, NHANES III Mortality Follow-up study: 1988–1994 to 2006

From: Cumulative social risk exposure and risk of cancer mortality in adulthood

 

Male (n = 4184)

Female (n = 4561)

p-value

Age, mean years

55.2

57.0

<0.001

Social risk factors, n (%)

   

 Low family income

768 (8.7)

1068 (12.4)

<0.000

 Low educational level

2046 (29.8)

2097 (28.7)

0.473

 Minority race/ethnic group

2182 (18.9)

2304 (21.2)

0.009

 Single-living

1009 (21.4)

2185 (38.0)

<0.001

Number of social risk factors, n (%)

   

 0

1015 (48.1)

892 (39.7)

<0.001

 1

1295 (32.9)

1284 (33.2)

 

 2

1075 (12.5)

1201 (17.2)

 

  ≥ 3

799 (6.5)

1184 (10.0)

 

Cancer mortality

   

 All-site, n (%)

419 (7.4)

280 (5.5)

0.004

 Tobacco-related cancer, n (%)

203 (4.0)

105 (2.2)

0.473

 Screening-detectable cancer, n (%)

101 (1.4)

65 (1.3)

0.732

Site-specific cancer mortality

   

 Lung Cancer, n (%)

143 (3.1)

76 (1.8)

0.009

 Colorectal Cancer, n (%)

45 (0.7)

22 (0.6)

0.650

 Prostate Cancer, n (%)

55 (0.7)

-

NA

 Female Breast Cancer, n (%)

-

36 (0.6)

NA

  1. NA not applicable
  2. Low family income was defined as the poverty income ratio < 1.00 (below the official definition of poverty)
  3. Low education level was defined as < 12 years (< high school)
  4. Minority racial/ethnic group was defined as adults who were Black, Mexican-American, other Hispanic and Other
  5. Single-living status (proxy for social isolation and low level of social support) was defined as persons widowed, divorced, separated or never married