Fig. 3

Dox and AD198 induced apoptosis in human TCC cells. a T24 and UMUC3 cells were treated with 1 μM Dox and AD198 for 24 h and caspase-3/7 activities were measured using the Caspase-Glo 3/7 luminescence assay. Relative caspase-3/7 activities were normalized to control. Values represent mean ± SE of three independent experiments. Paired Student t-test were used to compare treatment to control **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. Student t-tests were used to compare among Dox and AD198 treatments ^## p ≤ 0.01, ^### p ≤ 0.001. b T24 and UMUC3 cells were treated with 1 μM Dox and AD198 for 24 h. The expression of PARP (cleaved fragment) was evaluated by WB analysis. Actin was used as a loading control. c Densitometry evaluation of cleaved PARP protein bands from WB analysis was done using ImageJ software. Values represent mean ± S.E. of measured densitometry of each band from three independent experiments. Paired Student t-tests were used to compare controls to Dox and AD198 treatments, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001. Paired Student t- tests were used to compare Dox to AD198 treatment, ^# p ≤ 0.05