Fig. 5

Oxalate induces tumor formation and short-term survival in mice. a Mice were injected every 3 or 4 days into mammary fat pad to reach 9 doses (one dose every 3.2 days on average). The experimental group (Ox Breast) received 50 μL of a solution with microcrystals of calcium oxalate (oxalic acid 810 μM in a carrier solution containing CaCl₂ 1.8 mM). The two control groups received 50 μL of either carrier solution containing CaCl₂ 1.8 mM (Con Breast) or a solution of carrier solution plus acetic acid 810 μM (A.A. Breast). Each group consisted of 8 mice. b Mice were injected every 2 or 3 days to reach 7 doses (one dose every 2.6 days on average). Experimental groups received injections with 50 μL of saline solution containing potassium oxalate 810 μM either at the mammary fat pad (Ox Breast) or in the Back (Ox Back). Control groups were injected at the same places as the experimental ones with saline solution only into mammary fat pad (Con Breast) or into the back (Con Back). Each group consisted of 5 mice. Red arrows: times of injection. Pink arrows: time of the first tumor appearance in Ox Breast group. Blue arrows: time at which all mice of Ox breast group have at least one tumor. Statistical significance between survival curves was analyzed by LogRank (Mantel-Cox) test. ****P value < 0.0001