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Table 1 Age-adjusted percent distribution of patient- and neighborhood-level characteristics by hospital type, females diagnosed with breast cancer, Northern Californiaa, 1996–2009

From: Representativeness of breast cancer cases in an integrated health care delivery system

Characteristic

KPNC (N = 36,109) %

Non-KPNC

All (N = 112,244) %

All other hospitals (N = 68,330) %

Cancer centers (N = 7805) %

Race

 Non-Hispanic white

70.6

74.4

71.1

73.0

 Non-Hispanic black

8.1

5.0

6.5

6.0

 Hispanic

7.5

7.0

5.4

7.0

 Asian/Pacific Islander

13.0

12.6

16.0

13.0

 Non-Hisp Am Indian/Alas Native

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

 Other/unknown

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.6

Age at diagnosis

 < 30

0.3

0.4

0.8

0.4

 30–39

3.6

4.6

7.2

4.5

 40–49

16.9

18.9

23.1

18.5

 50–59

26.1

24.3

27.5

25.1

 60–69

25.3

20.6

20.4

22.1

 70–79

19.0

19.1

13.7

18.7

 80–89

7.8

10.6

6.5

9.4

 90+

0.9

1.6

0.7

1.3

Insurance/payment source

 Any public/Medicaid/military

2.5

24.8

28.9

17.9

 Private only

92.4

52.7

55.1

65.7

 Other (none, Medicare, unknown)

3.3

22.5

16.0

16.4

AJCC stage

 In situ

17.0

19.3

22.1

18.7

 Stage I

41.6

38.9

36.9

39.6

 Stage II

29.7

28.3

26.7

28.6

 Stage III

5.8

6.6

6.7

6.3

 Stage IV

3.2

3.4

4.6

3.4

 Unknown

2.7

3.6

3.1

3.3

Tumor size

 < 1 cm

20.0

20.0

23.4

20.2

 1–< 2 cm

34.9

32.4

31.2

33.1

 2–< 3 cm

18.5

16.9

15.0

17.3

 3–< 4 cm

7.8

7.3

7.5

7.4

 4+ cm

8.7

10.7

12.6

10.2

 Other

3.2

3.3

2.9

3.2

 Unknown

6.8

9.5

7.4

8.5

Lymph node involvement

 No nodal involvement

71.1

71.4

71.4

71.3

 Positive nodes

25.5

24.9

24.3

25.1

 Unknown

3.4

3.7

4.3

3.6

Histology

 Ductal

73.2

76.0

72.0

74.8

 Lobular

17.2

14.3

16.3

15.4

 Other

9.6

9.7

11.7

9.8

Neighborhood SESb

 Quintile 1 (lowest)

4.2

6.5

3.5

5.5

 Quintile 2

11.3

11.1

7.2

10.8

 Quintile 3

19.2

18.1

13.7

18.1

 Quintile 4

29.1

25.4

22.5

26.4

 Quintile 5 (highest)

36.2

39.0

53.2

39.1

% below povertyc

 0–4.9 %

45.9

45.5

45.8

45.7

 5.0–9.9 %

26.8

25.3

27.5

26.0

 10.0–19.9 %

19.2

19.0

17.4

18.9

 ≥ 20 %

8.1

10.2

9.5

9.5

Urban/rural

 Rural

4.6

6.9

4.9

6.0

 Small towns

1.6

3.2

1.2

2.6

 Small and medium size cities

29.2

29.4

7.6

27.8

 Suburban metropolitan areas

53.5

48.9

57.7

51.1

 Urban metropolitan areas

11.1

11.5

28.6

12.5

Population densityb

 Quartile 1 (low density)

23.7

26.9

22.4

25.6

 Quartile 2

31.2

31.1

25.5

30.8

 Quartile 3

26.8

24.2

19.0

24.7

 Quartile 4 (high density)

18.3

17.8

33.1

18.9

Hispanic ethnic enclaveb

 Quintile 1 (low enclave)

22.7

25.1

24.8

24.3

 Quintile 2

29.5

29.4

30.5

29.4

 Quintile 3

27.6

24.7

25.7

25.7

 Quintile 4

15.4

14.8

14.6

14.9

 Quintile 5 (high enclave)

4.8

5.7

4.2

5.3

 Unknown

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.3

Asian ethnic enclaveb

 Quintile 1 (low enclave)

7.1

9.3

5.3

8.3

 Quintile 2

16.2

16.9

13.3

16.5

 Quintile 3

21.6

21.7

19.4

21.5

 Quintile 4

24.9

24.0

23.5

24.3

 Quintile 5 (high enclave)

29.8

27.8

38.4

29.2

 Unknown

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.3

% Hispanic populationb

 < 9 %

38.5

43.1

57.6

42.7

 9–20 %

36.5

31.1

27.4

32.6

 21–47 %

20.1

19.2

11.9

19.0

 > 47 %

4.9

6.5

3.1

5.8

% non-Hispanic Asian populationb

 < 2 %

9.1

11.4

6.4

10.3

 2–4 %

22.4

22.4

16.1

22.0

 5–12 %

29.0

29.0

28.2

29.0

 > 12 %

39.5

37.2

49.3

38.7

% non-Hispanic White populationb

 < 23 %

12.1

10.9

10.4

11.2

 23–53 %

26.6

24.2

24.7

25.0

 54–75 %

31.7

31.4

30.3

31.4

 > 75 %

29.6

33.5

34.5

32.3

% non-Hispanic Black populationb

 0 %

20.7

25.8

25.7

24.2

 0.1–1.8 %

23.0

24.9

26.6

24.4

 1.9–6 %

28.3

27.2

26.4

27.5

 > 6 %

28.0

22.1

21.4

23.9

  1. All comparisons are statistically different at p < .001 using Chi-squared tests with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons
  2. KPNC Kaiser Permanente Northern California
  3. aAll frequencies (except for age) are age-adjusted to the age distribution of all cases. Includes counties of Alameda, Amador, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Fresno, Madera, Marin, Napa, Placer, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma, and Yolo
  4. bQuintiles or quartiles based on distribution of block groups in California; socioeconomic status based on composite of seven Census 2000 indicators for education, occupation, unemployment, household income, poverty, rent, and house values (Yost et al. [11]); Hispanic ethnic enclave based on Census data on linguistic isolation, English fluency, Spanish language use, Hispanic ethnicity, immigration history, and nativity; Asian ethnic enclave based on Census data on Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity, language, nativity, and recency of immigration [16, 17, 19]
  5. cBased on cut-off values from Krieger et al. [20, 24]
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