Fig. 4

Immunohistochemical staining of oral leukoplakia with the anti-STAT1, anti-pSTAT1 and anti-CXCL9/Mig antibodies Immunoreactivity against anti-STAT1 (a, b), anti-tyrosine (Try701)-phosphorylated- STAT1 (pSTAT1) (d, e) and anti-CXCL9/Mig (f, g) antibodies for moderate grades of oral leukoplakia (original magnification: A, D, F: ×100; B, E, G: ×400). STAT1⁺ and CXCL9⁺ cells were mainly distributed in the subepithelial lesion. Scale bar = 300 μm (a, d), 100 μm (f), 50 μm (e, g) and 30 μm (b). Correlation between infiltrated CXCR3⁺ and STAT1⁺ cells in leukoplakia (c). Statistically significant differences were determined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis (p = 0.0465)