Islami et al., [15], northern Iran
|
Population based case–control
|
F/M
|
Cases:64.5 ± 10.1 controls:64.3 ± 10.4
|
300
|
871
|
Interviews
|
Endoscopy and biopsy samples
|
Tea: hot/very hot vs. warm
|
Ethnicity, daily vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, tobacco or opium use, duration of residence in rural areas, education level, and car ownership
|
7
|
Lin et al., [35],Southern China
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
Cases:54.5 ± 4.9 controls:52.5 ± 3.7
|
213
|
426
|
FFQ
|
Endoscopically and histologically confirmed
|
Beverage: hot/very hot vs. lukewarm
|
Age, sex, educational status, smoking, drinking, body mass index, vegetable and fruit
|
6
|
Rolon et al., [45], Paraguay
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
≤45:33 46–55:89 56–65:188 ≥ 66:202
|
131
|
512
|
Interviews
|
Cytology, histology, or radiology
|
Maté: very hot vs. warm/hot
|
design variables, lifetime cigarette consumption, and lifetime alcohol consumption
|
6
|
Stefani et al., [41], Uruguay
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
40-89
|
166
|
830
|
Questionnaire
|
Histologically verified
|
Maté: hot/very hot vs. warm
|
NR
|
6
|
Castelletto et al., [43], Argentina
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
≤54:80 55–64:129 65–74:127 ≥ 75:57
|
131
|
393
|
Questionnaire
|
Histological diagnosis
|
Maté: hot/very hot vs. warm
|
Education, average number of cigarettes/day, alcohol consumption (ml/day), the design variables
|
6
|
Castellsagu´e et al., [11], south America
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
64.0(mean)
|
830
|
2609
|
Interviews with structured questionnaire
|
Histologically confirmed or a cytological or radiological diagnosis
|
Maté, tea, coffee, coffee with milk: hot/very hot vs. cold/warm
|
Age group, hospital, residency, years of education, average number of cigarettes/day, average amount of pure ethanol/day and gender
|
6
|
Ibiebele et al., [12], Australia
|
Population based case–control
|
F/M
|
18-79
|
521
|
1965
|
FFQ
|
Registries
|
Tea/coffee: hot/very hot vs. lowest
|
Age, gender; cumulative history of smoking in pack years, lifetime mean alcohol intake; heartburn and acid reflux symptoms, body mass index, educational status, aspirin use in previous 5 years, total fruit and vegetable intake and total energy intake in kilojoules
|
6
|
Szyman´ska et al., [44], Latin America
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
NR
|
71
|
228
|
Lifestyle questionnaire
|
ICD-O classification
|
Maté: hot/very hot vs. cold/warm
|
NR
|
5
|
Chen et al., [26], Southern China
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
Cases:54.6 ± 6 controls:54.0 ± 7
|
87
|
267
|
Self-designed structured questionnaire
|
Histologically confirmed
|
Tea: hot/very hot vs. warm
|
NR
|
5
|
Sewram et al., [42], Uruguay
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
35-85
|
295
|
685
|
Questionnaire
|
Registries
|
Maté: very hot vs. warm/hot
|
Amount consumed, and duration of mate´ consumption
|
5
|
Tang et al., [19], China
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
61 ± 11.4
|
359
|
739
|
Structured questionnaire
|
Medical records and pathology reports
|
Tea, water, food: high vs. low or mild
|
Age, gender, education level, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer in first-degree relatives, daily intake of vegetables and daily intake of fruit
|
6
|
Stefani et al., [40], Uruguay
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
40-89
|
234
|
702
|
Questionnaire
|
Microscopically confirmed
|
Maté: hot/very hot vs. warm
|
NR
|
5
|
Wu et al., [20], China
|
Population based case–control
|
F/M
|
NR
|
665
|
2000
|
Pretested standardized epidemiologic questionnaire
|
registry
|
Tea: high vs. normal
|
NR
|
5
|
Sharp et al., [8], England and Scotland
|
Population based case–control
|
F
|
<75(<80in Trent)
|
156
|
312
|
Interviews
|
Histologically confirmed
|
Tea/coffee: hot/burning hot vs. warm
|
NR
|
5
|
Terry et al., [7], Sweden
|
Population based case–control
|
F/M
|
<80
|
189
|
1004
|
interviews
|
Histologically confirmed
|
Tea/coffee: hot/very hot vs. cold/lukewarm
|
Age, gender, body mass index, cigarette smoking, socioeconomic status presence of Gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, frequency quartiles of hot beverage consumption, and quartiles of alcohol, fruit and vegetables, and energy consumption
|
5
|
Lubin et al., 2014, South America, [16]
|
Case–control
|
F/M
|
35-85
|
1310
|
4118
|
Questionnaire
|
Medical records
|
Maté: hot/very hot vs. warm vs.
|
NR
|
5
|
Wang et al. [37], China
|
Population based case–control
|
F/M
|
Mean: cases 61.51 controls 60.75
|
355
|
763
|
Structured questionnaire
|
Pathologically diagnosed
|
Food: hot vs. warm
|
Age (continuous), marital status and education years
|
7
|
Phukan et al., [47], India
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
Case:55.0 ± 8.1 control:54.5 ± 7.8
|
502
|
1511
|
Investigation
|
Histopathologically confirmed
|
Food: hot vs. moderate
|
Education, income, chewing betel nut and tobacco, smoking, and alcohol use
|
4
|
Wu et al., [13], China
|
Population based case–control
|
F/M
|
<50: 67 50–59:219 60–69: 428 70–79:295 ≥ 80:53
|
531
|
1062
|
Pre-tested standardized questionnaires
|
Cancer registration database
|
Food: hot vs. normal
|
NR
|
4
|
Gao et al., [29], China
|
Population based case–control
|
F/M
|
30-74
|
902
|
2454
|
Structured questionnaire
|
Registry
|
Hot soup or porridge: hot/burning hot vs. cold/neither cold nor hot
|
Age, education, birthplace, tea drinking, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and consumption of preserved foods, vegetables and fruit
|
6
|
Hu et al., [32], China
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
35-69
|
196
|
588
|
Interviews
|
Histopathologically confirmed
|
Gruel: hot/scalding vs. lowest
|
Smoking, alcohol, income and occupation
|
4
|
Garidou et al., [6], Greece
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
<60: 79 60–69:103 ≥ 70: 117
|
99
|
299
|
Questionnaire
|
Histologically confirmed
|
Preferrable temperature: very hot vs. cold to hot
|
Gender, age, birthplace, schooling, height, analgesics, coffee drinking, alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and energy intake
|
4
|
Cheng et al., [51], British
|
Population based case–control
|
F
|
Cases:65.9 controls:65.3
|
74
|
148
|
Questionnaire and interview
|
Histologically confirmed
|
Preference tea or coffee: hot very/burning hot/hot vs. warm
|
NR
|
4
|
Hanaoka et al., [53], Japan
|
Hospital based case–control
|
M
|
Under 85 years old
|
141
|
282
|
Structured questionnaire
|
Confirmed histologically by biopsy examination
|
Preference for high = temperature food and drink: like vs. dislike
|
Alcohol consumption (g/week)
|
4
|
Srivastava et al., [48], India
|
Case–control
|
F/M
|
NR
|
170
|
340
|
Pretested. Semi-structured questionnaires
|
Endoscopic, radiological and histopathological assessments
|
Food: hot vs. warm
|
NR
|
4
|
Stefani et al., [39], Uruguay
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
40-49:45 50–59:120 60–69:207 70–79:183 80–89:45
|
200
|
600
|
Questionnaire
|
Newly diagnosed and microspically confirmed
|
Maté temperature: hot/very hot vs. warm
|
NR
|
5
|
Cheng et al., [27], Hong Kong of China
|
Case–control
|
F/M
|
<45:40 45–54:246 55–64: 722 65–74:696 > =75: 294
|
400
|
1998
|
Interviews with structured questionnaire
|
Histologically confirmed diagnoses
|
Preference for hot drinks or soups: yes vs. no
|
Adjusted for age and education, place of birth, green leafy vegetables, pickled vegetables, citrus fruits, tobacco and alcohol
|
4
|
Gao et al., [30], China
|
Population based case–control
|
F/M
|
30-74
|
653
|
1965
|
Structured, standardized questionnaire
|
Registry
|
Burning-hot fluids:yes vs. no
|
NR
|
5
|
Cook-mozaffari et al., [49], Iran
|
Case–control
|
F/M
|
NR
|
344
|
1032
|
Questionnaire
|
Registry
|
Drinking of hot tea: yes vs. no
|
NR
|
4
|
Guo et al.,[31], China
|
Nested case–control
|
F/M
|
40-69
|
640
|
3840
|
Structured questionnaires
|
X-ray films and cytological, pathological, surgical specimens
|
Hot liquid:≥1 vs.0
|
Years of smoking and cancer history in first degree relatives
|
6
|
Ke et al., [34], China
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
29-82
|
1064
|
2168
|
Questionnaires and FFQ
|
Histologically confirmed
|
Hot Congou drinkers vs. non-hot Congou drinkers
|
NR
|
5
|
Patel et al., [52], Kenya
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
Mean:56.1
|
159
|
318
|
Questionnaires
|
NR
|
Take hot beverages: yes/no
|
NR
|
4
|
Hung et al., [33], Taiwan of China
|
Case–control
|
M
|
Mean:62.4
|
267
|
697
|
Interviews according to standardized questionnaire
|
Histologically confirmed
|
Hot drink or soup: 3+ time per day vs. <3 time per day
|
Adjusted for age, educational levels, ethnicity, source of hospital, smoking, alcohol drinking and areca nut chewing
|
4
|
Chen et al., [25], Taiwan of China
|
Hospital based case–control
|
M
|
40-50:284 51–60::291 61–70 :314 > 70:209
|
274
|
922
|
Interviews
|
Newly histologically diagnosed
|
Hot drink or soup: > = 1 time/d vs. <1time/d
|
Adjusted for age, educational levels, ethnicity, source of hospital, smoking, alcohol drinking, and areca nut chewing
|
4
|
Gao et al., [28],China
|
Case–control
|
F/M
|
51-65
|
600
|
2114
|
Questionnaires
|
Histologically confirmed
|
Scalding hot food: daily vs. weekly/never/monthly/seldom
|
NR
|
4
|
Sun et al., [36],China
|
Population based case–control
|
F/M
|
Cases:61.21 ± 8.95 Controls:60.84 ± 8.90
|
250
|
1000
|
Questionnaires
|
Cancer registration database
|
Hot foods: often vs. sometimes
|
NR
|
6
|
Yang et al., [38], China
|
Case–control
|
F/M
|
Cases:58.1 (8.5) Controls:57.9 (8.8)
|
185
|
370
|
Questionnaires
|
Histologically diagnosed within half a year
|
Hot foods: often vs. Rarely/occasionally
|
NR
|
6
|
Jessri et al., [50], Iran
|
Hospital based case–control
|
F/M
|
40-75
|
47
|
143
|
Structured pre-tested questionnaires
|
Histologically-confirmed
|
Food and beverages temperature: hot vs. warm/cold
|
NR
|
4
|
Khan et al., [46], India
|
Case–control
|
F/M
|
Case:54.3(7.6) Control:58.1(8.3)
|
100
|
200
|
Questionnaires
|
Histologically-confirmed
|
Degree of hotness: hot vs. warm
|
NR
|
3
|