Table 4 Proteins chosen by BMA of linear models
Protein | Biological Role | Higher Prevalence In |
|---|---|---|
Normal vs. Cancer | Â | Â |
MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) | Inflammation, regulates macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids [64–66] | Cancer |
MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase) | Breakdown and remodeling of extracellular matrix [67], regulates growth plate angiogenesis and apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes [68] | Cancer |
MPO (myeloperoxidase) | Inflammation, produces HOCl, modulates vascular signaling and vasodilatory functions of nitric oxide (NO) during acute inflammation [69] | Normal |
sVCAM-1 (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) | Mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, membrane-bound adhesion molecules and the process of vascular inflammation of the vessel wall [70] | Normal |
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) | Stimulates secretion of adrenal corticosteroids [71] | Cancer |
Normal vs. Benign | Â | Â |
MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) | Inflammation, regulates macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids [64–66] | Benign |
MICA (MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A) | Stress-induced antigen that is broadly recognized by intestinal epithelial gamma delta T cells, ligands for natural killer cells [72] | Benign |
IL-5 (Interleukin 5) | Stimulates B cell growth, increases immunoglobulin secretion, mediates eosinophil activation [73] | Normal |
IL-12 p40 (Interleukin 12, p40 chain) | Differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells, stimulates the growth and function of T cells, stimulates the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and [74, 75](TNF-α) from T and natural killer cells, and reduces IL-4 mediated suppression of IFN-γ [76] | Normal |
MCP-1 (Monocyte chemotactic protein-1) | Induces recruitment of monocytes, T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils and is responsible for many inflammatory reactions to disease [77] | Benign |
Benign vs. Cancer | Â | Â |
CA-125 (cancer antigen 125) | Cancer | |
IFNa (Interferon type I) | Secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses [78] or interferon inducers; implicated in autoimmune diseases [79, 80] | Benign |
MICA (MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A) | Stress-induced antigen that is broadly recognized by intestinal epithelial gamma delta T cells, ligands for natural killer cells [72] | Benign |