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Table 2 Numbers of cases aged 0–14 years, age-standardized rates (per million population) and 95% CIs, average annual percentage rate changes and 95% CIs, by diagnosis, sex and time period and test for sex-difference in temporal trend (P-value)

From: Sex-specific incidence and temporal trends in solid tumours in young people from Northern England, 1968–2005

   

1968–1980

 

1981–1993

 

1994–2005

% Ann. Inc

M/F diff

CNS tumours

Male

134

28.5 (23.6,33.4)

115

29.9 (24.4,35.4)

133

38.4 (31.8,45.0)

1.5 (0.5,2.5)

0.74

 

Female

116

26.2 (21.3,31.0)

91

25.1 (19.9,30.3)

102

32.7 (26.3,39.2)

1.2 (0.2,2.2)

 

Ependymomas

Male

18

4.3 (2.5,6.8)

17

4.7 (2.7,7.5)

16

4.9 (2.8,8.0)

0.7 (-1.7,3.2)

0.61

 

Female

10

2.4 (1.2,4.5)

6

1.6 (0.6,3.5)

5

1.9 (0.6,4.5)

-0.5 (-4.6,3.6)

 

Astrocytomas

Male

38

7.9 (5.4,10.5)

44

11.1 (7.8,14.4)

55

15.5 (11.3,19.6)

3.1 (1.7,4.6)

0.33

 

Female

36

8.1 (5.4,10.8)

29

7.9 (5.3,11.4)

61

19.5 (14.5,24.5)

4.4 (2.3,6.6)

 

PNET

Male

35

7.5 (4.9,10.0)

16

4.4 (2.5,7.2)

27

8.1 (5.3,11.8)

0.6 (-1.6,2.9)

0.86

 

Female

16

3.8 (2.1,6.1)

15

4.3 (2.4,7.1)

14

4.7 (2.5,7.8)

0.9 (-1.7,3.6)

 

Other gliomas

Male

13

2.9 (1.5,5.0)

10

2.6 (1.2,4.7)

11

3.1 (1.5,5.6)

0.7 (-2.4,3.9)

0.42

 

Female

15

3.4 (1.9,5.6)

9

2.6 (1.2,4.9)

10

2.9 (1.4,5.4)

-1.0 (-3.7,1.7)

 

Sympathetic nervous system tumours

Male

32

7.4 (4.8,10.0)

43

12.6 (8.9,16.4)

27

9.6 (6.3,14.0)

0.9 (-0.5,2.4)

0.29

 

Female

25

6.9 (4.5,10.2)

34

10.3 (6.8,13.8)

36

13.3 (8.9,17.6)

2.2 (0.4,3.9)

 

Retinoblastoma

Male

16

4.2 (2.4,6.8)

12

3.6 (1.9,6.3)

10

3.6 (1.7,6.6)

-0.3 (-3.6,3.1)

0.42

 

Female

26

7.2 (4.7,10.5)

17

5.4 (3.1,8.6)

7

2.7 (1.1,5.6)

-2.1 (-5.0,0.8)

 

Renal tumours

Male

28

6.8 (4.5,9.9)

18

5.1 (3.0,8.0)

25

9.0 (5.8,13.3)

0.5 (-1.5,2.6)

0.86

 

Female

31

8.3 (5.3,11.2)

29

8.8 (5.9,12.7)

25

9.4 (6.1,13.9)

0.3 (-1.5,2.1)

 

Hepatoblastomas

Male

1

0.3 (0.0,1.5)

1

0.3 (0.0,1.7)

5

1.9 (0.6,4.4)

7.3 (-0.2,14.9)

0.18

 

Female

5

1.3 (0.4,3.0)

2

0.6 (0.1,2.3)

3

1.2 (0.2,3.4)

0.5 (-5.5,6.6)

 

Bone tumours

Male

30

5.3 (3.4,7.2)

17

4.0 (2.3,6.4)

18

4.6 (2.7,7.3)

0.3 (-2.1,2.7)

0.58

 

Female

21

4.1 (2.5,6.3)

21

5.1 (3.1,7.8)

14

3.8 (2.1,6.4)

-0.7 (-3.3,1.9)

 

Osteosarcoma

Male

18

3.1 (1.9,5.0)

8

1.9 (0.8,3.8)

8

2.0 (0.9,3.9)

-0.9 (-4.3,2.6)

0.80

 

Female

16

3.1 (1.8,5.1)

12

2.9 (1.5,5.0)

9

2.5 (1.1,4.7)

-1.5 (-4.2,1.3)

 

Ewing's sarcoma

Male

12

2.2 (1.1,3.8)

9

2.0 (0.9,3.9)

8

2.0 (0.9,4.0)

0.3 (-2.4,3.0)

0.94

 

Female

4

0.8 (0.2,2.2)

9

2.2 (1.0,4.2)

3

0.8 (0.2,2.4)

0.1 (-4.9,5.1)

 

Soft tissue sarcomas

Male

45

9.6 (6.7,12.4)

46

12.5 (8.9,16.2)

36

11.2 (7.5,14.9)

1.3 (-0.2,2.8)

0.70

 

Female

28

6.0 (4.0,8.7)

22

5.8 (3.6,8.8)

22

7.0 (4.4,10.7)

0.8 (-1.2,2.9)

 

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Male

24

5.4 (3.4,8.1)

26

7.2 (4.7,10.6)

25

8.3 (5.3,12.3)

2.4 (0.2,4.5)

0.09

 

Female

19

4.3 (2.5,6.7)

10

2.7 (1.3,5.1)

10

3.7 (1.7,6.7)

-0.4 (-2.7,1.9)

 

Other

Male

21

4.2 (2.6,6.4)

20

5.3 (3.2,8.2)

11

2.9 (1.4,5.2)

-0.4 (-2.9,2.1)

0.19

 

Female

9

1.7 (0.8,3.3)

12

3.1 (1.6,5.4)

12

3.4 (1.7,5.9)

2.5 (-1.1,6.0)

 

Germ cell tumours

Male

17

4.4 (2.5,7.0)

18

5.1 (3.0,8.1)

20

6.5 (4.0,10.2)

2.1 (-0.7,4.8)

0.02

 

Female

8

1.8 (0.7,3.5)

20

5.7 (3.5,8.9)

32

10.6 (6.9,14.4)

6.2 (4.1,8.3)

 

Gonadal

Male

13

3.4 (1.8,5.8)

13

3.9 (2.1,6.6)

6

2.1 (0.8,4.6)

-1.1 (-4.9,2.7)

0.001

 

Female

2

0.4 (0.0,1.3)

2

0.5 (0.1,1.8)

14

4.0 (2.1,6.7)

8.6 (4.3,12.9)

 

Non-gonadal

Male

4

1.0 (0.3,2.5)

5

1.2 (0.4,2.9)

14

4.4 (2.4,7.5)

7.2 (2.6,11.8)

0.50

 

Female

6

1.4 (0.5,3.1)

18

5.2 (3.1,8.3)

18

6.6 (3.9,10.5)

5.4 (2.8,7.9)

 

Carcinomas

Male

11

2.0 (1.0,3.7)

13

3.0 (1.6,5.1)

15

4.2 (2.3,6.9)

3.2 (0.1,6.3)

0.31

 

Female

17

3.8 (2.2,6.1)

20

5.0 (3.0,7.7)

17

5.0 (2.9,8.0)

1.1 (-1.5,3.7)

 

Thyroid

Male

2

0.4 (0.0,1.3)

2

0.5 (0.1,1.7)

5

1.3 (0.4,3.0)

5.9 (-0.4,12.2)

0.07

 

Female

4

0.9 (0.2,2.4)

3

0.7 (0.1,2.0)

2

0.6 (0.1,2.0)

-1.8 (-7.1,3.4)

 

Melanoma

Male

2

0.3 (0.0,1.2)

3

0.7 (0.1,2.0)

2

0.6 (0.1,2.3)

4.3 (-2.8,11.4)

0.81

 

Female

3

0.7 (0.1,2.2)

8

2.1 (0.9,4.1)

5

1.6 (0.5,3.7)

3.1 (-2.7,9.0)

 

Skin

Male

0

-

2

0.4 (0.1,1.5)

2

0.5 (0.1,1.9)

9.6 (0.0,19.2)

0.46

 

Female

0

-

2

0.5 (0.1,1.6)

2

0.5 (0.1,1.8)

4.5 (-4.8,13.8)

 

Breast

Male

0

-

0

-

0

-

-

-

 

Female

0

-

0

-

0

-

-

 

Genital/other reproductive

Male

0

-

0

-

0

-

-

-

 

Female

0

-

1

0.3 (0.0,1.8)

0

-

2.9 (-15.1,20.9)

 

Lung and bronchial

Male

1

0.2 (0.0,1.1)

0

-

0

-

-12.1 (-25.9,1.6)

0.12

 

Female

1

0.2 (0.0,1.0)

0

-

1

0.3 (0.0,1.4)

2.8 (-9.6,15.2)

 

Colorectal

Male

0

-

0

-

0

-

-

-

 

Female

1

0.2 (0.0,1.0)

0

-

1

0.3 (0.0,1.4)

2.5 (-9.9,14.8)

 

TOTAL

Male

314

68.6 (60.8,76.3)

283

76.1 (67.1,85.0)

289

89.0 (78.6,99.4)

1.3 (0.7,1.9)

0.84

 

Female

277

65.4 (57.6,73.2)

256

71.8 (62.9,80.7)

258

85.7 (75.0,96.3)

1.2 (0.5,2.0)

 
  1. Figures are counts, ASRs with 95% CIs, Annual Percentage Change in ASR with 95% CIs (estimated from linear regression model) and p value for testing M/F difference in trend (obtained from year *sex interaction term in linear regression model)
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