Similar reductions in the risk of human colon cancer by selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors

Table 2 Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for colon cancer and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, and over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OTC NSAIDS).

Compound	Number of Cases (%)	Number of Controls (%)	Multivariate OR^d(95% CI)
None/Infrequent Use ^a	236 (72)	352 (54)	1.00
COX-2 Inhibitors ^b	15 (5)	53 (8)	0.31 (0.16–0.57)
OTC NSAIDs ^c
Aspirin	22 (7)	88 (13)	0.33 (0.20–0.56)
Ibuprofen/Naproxen	13 (4)	68 (11)	0.28 (0.15–0.54)
Acetaminophen	12 (3)	22 (3)	0.81 (0.35–1.61)
Baby Aspirin	28 (9)	69 (11)	0.58 (0.35–1.02)

^a No use of any NSAID or analgesic or infrequent use of no more than one pill per week for less than one year;
^b COX-2 inhibitors include celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, and meloxicam used daily for one year or more.
^c Over the counter (OTC) NSAIDs/analgesics used at least once per week for more than one year.
^d Multivariate odds ratios are adjusted for continuous variables (body mass) and categorical variables (hypertension, family history, smoking, and alcohol intake).

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